EXAM 2: Anatomy Arm

Question 1

Make sure you can identify the following structures on the humerus (check into lumen learn ‘em):

Humerus: greater and lesser tubercles, surgical neck, intertubercular sulcus, lateral and medial epicondyle, trochlea, capitulum

Answer 1

Go check the lumen learn ‘em and practical questions when you get to this slide

Question 2

The radial groove is where the _____ nerve and ____ artery run through

(hint the radial groove is on the backside of the humerus)

Answer 2

Radial groove is where the radial nerve and profundi brahial artery run through

Question 3

The _______ nerve innervates the anterior side of the upper arm

The _____ nerve innervates the posterior side of the upper arm

Answer 3

The musculocutaneous nerve innervates everything in the anterior upper arm

The radial nerve innervates everything in the posterior compartment of the upper arm

Question 4

Muscles of the Anterior Arm:

• Biggest muscle and most superficial muscle of the anterior upper arm is the _______ (which has a long and short head)
• The other two muscles in the anterior upper arm are?

The tendon of the ________ of the biceps runs over the head of the humerus. The tendon is held in place by the ________ ligament and the _______ muscle

Answer 4

Muscles of the Anterior Arm:

1. biggest and most superficial: Biceps Brachii (long head and short head)

Other two muscles are the coracobrachialis (deep to the bicep, goes from coracoid process to humerus) and the brachialis muscle

Note: all of these anterior muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve

The tendon of the long head of the biceps runs over the head of the humerus. The tendon is held in place by the transverse humeral ligament and the tendon of pectoralis major muscle

Question 5

The ___________ nerve splits into/goes into the coracobrachialis muscle

Answer 5

The musculocutaneous nerve splits and goes into the coracobrachialis muscle

Question 6

The bicep tendon goes to which bone in the forearm?

The brachialis tendon goes to which bone in the forearm?

Answer 6

Bicep tendon goes to RADIUS

Brachialis tendon goes to Ulna

Question 7

The long head of the biceps attaches to the ______ tubercle

Answer 7

The long head of the biceps attaches to the supraglenoid tubercle

Question 8

Muscles of the Posterior Arm:

The triceps is innervated by the _____ nerve

The triceps has three sections: the ____ head, the ____ head, and the ____ head

Explain the three and what they do

Answer 8

Muscles of the Posterior Arm:

The triceps is innervated by the radial nerve

The triceps has three sections: the long head, the medial head, and the lateral head:

The long head is the least active of the three, extends arm

The medial head is workhorse of forearm extension

Lateral head is strongest generator of force, functions primarily against active resistance

Question 9

Muscles of the Posterior Arm:

The long head of the triceps extends to the ____tubercle

The lateral head of the triceps goes to the _____ (on the elbow)

Answer 9

Long head of triceps extends to infraglenoid tubercle

(remember the long head of biceps goes to supraglenoid tubercle)

The lateral head of the triceps goes to the olecranon process

Question 10

Explain which nerve innervates the following muscles:

Triceps brachii

Brachialis

Biceps brachii

Coracobrachialis

Answer 10

Triceps brachi : innervated by radial nerve

The brachialis, biceps brachii, and coracobrachialis are all innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve

Question 11

Explain the main actions of the following muscles:

1. Biceps brachii
2. Brachialis
3. Coracobrachialis
4. Triceps brachii

Answer 11

Main Actions:

1. Biceps brachii: flexes and supinates forearm at elbow
2. Brachialis: flexes forearm at elbow
3. Coracobrachialis: flexes and adducts arm at shoulder
4. Triceps brachii: extends forearm at elbow (long head stabilizes head of humerus and extends and adducts arm at shoulder)

Question 12

Explain the veins that run through the arm:

Explain where the following veins are anatomically:

Cephalic vein

Basilic vein

Median cubital vein

Answer 12

Cephalic vein runs on the lateral side of the arm

Basilic runs on medial side of the arm

They are linked by the median cubital vein

Note: the median cubital vein is usually the vein used to obtain blood for labs

Question 13

The axillary artery is split into three parts by the pec minor muscle.

Then the axillary artery becomes the _____ artery on the anterior side and the ______ on the posterior side.

Once the brachial artery crosses the elbow, it branches into the ______ and ______ arteriers

Answer 13

Subclavian artery ——> axillary artery (split into three parts by teres minor) —-> brachial artery

The axillary artery becomes the brachial artery (on the anterior side), and the profunda brachii artery (on the posterior side)

Then once the brachial artery crosses the elbow, it branches into the ulnar and radial arteries

Question 14

Musculocutaenous nerve:

1. Pierces the _______ muscle ; innervates which three muscles?
2. Injury causes loss of _________
3. Continues as the ___________ nerve

Answer 14

Musculocutaneous nerve:

1. Pierces the coracobrachialis muscle ; innervates the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles
2. Injury causes loss of flexion at the elbow, but not complete
3. Continues as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

Question 15

Nerves of the arm:
Explain what general areas the following nerves innervate in the upper arm

Musculocutaneous

Radial

Ulnar

Median

Answer 15

Musculocutaneous: anterior compartment

Radial: posterior compartment

Ulnar: no branches in arm

Medial: no branches in arm

Question 16

Radial Nerve:

1. Passes in the _____ on the back of the humerus with the deep brachial artery (profunda brachial artery)……
2. In the arm, the radial nerve innervates the ______

Answer 16

Radial Nerve:

1. It passes through the radial groove in the back of the humerus…
2. It innervates the triceps

Question 17

Explain the following nerves in relationship to branching into the arm:

Ulnar Nerve

Median Nerve

Answer 17

Ulnar nerve: no branches in the arm

Medial nerve: no branches in the arm, but it does pass through the cubital fossa deep to the bicipital aponeurosis

Question 18

What is the cubital fossa (give a definition)?

What protects the area of the cubital fossa during a blood draw… aka what structure prevents the needle from going into anything too deep?

Answer 18

Cubital fossa : a triangular shaped fat-filled depression of the anterior elbow

The bicipital aponeurosis protects this area during a needle prick from the needle going too deep

Question 19

Cubital Fossa:

The __________ serves to protect the deep arteries and nerves in this area

What is the superficial vein that most blood draws in this area use?

Answer 19

Cubital fossa:

The bicipital aponeurosis serves to protect the deep arteries and nerves within this area

Superficial vein most use for blood draw in this is: median cubital vein

Question 20

Cubital Fossa:

Contents (deep layers):

Terminal part of the ______ artery (which branches into what arteries)

Tendon of the _____ muscle

_____ nerve and _____ nerve

Answer 20

Cubital Fossa:
Deep layer contents:

Terminal part of the brachial artery, whicih branches into ulnar and radial arteries

Tendon of the biceps brachii muscle

Median nerve and radial nerve

Question 21

Make sure you can label all of the muscles within the arm (lumen learn ‘em and practical)

Answer 21

Go check out the practical and the labeling stuff when you get to this slide