Exam 3: Gluteal Region and Post Thigh

Question 1

What is the longest nerve in the human body?

A positive trendelenberg sign would indicate what?

Name the two ligaments which help define the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 1

1. Longest nerve in the human body: sciatic nerve
2. Positive trendelenberg sign indicates a weak gluteus medius muscle (opposite to whichever side is tilting)
3. Two ligaments that help define the greater and lesser sciatic foramen: sacral spinus and posterior cruciate

Question 2

OBTURATOR INTERNUS:
Action: what does it do to the thigh?

What nerve is it innervated by?

Answer 2

Obturator Internus:

• Laterally rotates and stabilizes the thigh
• Innervated by nerve to obturator internus

Question 3

Gemellus Superior:

Action?

Nerve?

Answer 3

Gemellus Superior:

laterally rotates the thigh and stabilizes the thigh

Nerve: nerve to obderator internus

Question 4

Gemellus Inferior:

Action?

Innervated by which nerve?

Answer 4

Gemullus Inferior:
Laterally rotates the thigh

Nerve to quadratis femoris

Question 5

Gemellus superior: _____ nerve

Gemellus inferior: ______ nerve

Answer 5

Gemellus superior: nerve to obdurator internus

Gemellus inferior: nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 6

Above the sacrospinus ligament is the ______ and below it is the ______

If a nerve or artery come out above the _____ muscle it is termed superior gluteal, if it comes out below it is termed inferior gluteal

Answer 6

Above the sacrospinus ligament is the greater sciatic foramen and below it is the lesser sciatic foramen

If a nerve or artery come out above the piriformis muscle it is termed superior gluteal, if it comes out below the piriformis it is termed inferior gluteal

Question 7

Piriformis Muscle:

Action?

Nerve?

Answer 7

Piriformis Muscle:

Laterally rotates and stabilizes the thigh

Nerve: anterior primary rami of S1, 2

Question 8

Gluteus Minimus and Gluteus Medius:

Action?

Nerve?

Answer 8

Both the gluteus minimus and gluteus medius abduct and medially rotate the thigh, and also tilt the pelvis while walking

Nerve for both: superior gluteal nerve

Question 9

Quadratus Femoris:

Action?

Nerve?

Answer 9

Quadratus Femoris:

Laterally rotates hip

Nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 10

Gluteus Maximus

Action?

Nerve?

Answer 10

Gluteus Maximus

gluteus maximus extends and laterally rotates the hip, aids knee in extension

Nerve: inferior gluteal nerve

Question 11

Tensor Fasca Lata:

Action

nerve

Answer 11

Tensor Fascia Lata:
maintains knee extended and abducts thigh

nerve: superior gluteal nerve

Question 12

Gluteus Minimus & Medius vs Gluteus Maximus

Explain their different actions and different innervations

Answer 12

Gluteus Minimus and Medius both medially rotate the thigh and tild the pelvis while walking (superior gluteal nerve)

Gluteus Maximus: laterally rotates the hip and inferior gluteal nerve

Question 13

Biceps Femoris:

Action?

Innervation?

Answer 13

Biceps Femoris:

Flexes and laterally rotates the knee

sciatic nerve

Question 14

Semimembranous

Action

Nerve

Answer 14

Semimembranous:

Action: flexes and medially rotates the knee

Nerve: tibial portion of sciatic nerve

Question 15

Semitendinous:

Action?

Nerve?

Answer 15

Semitendinous:

Action: flexes and medially rotates the knee

Nerve: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve

Question 16

__________ laterally rotates and flexes the knee, while _____ and _____ medially rotates and flexes the knee

Answer 16

Biceps femoris: laterally rotates and flexes knee

Semimebranous and Semitendinous: medially rotates and flexes the knee

Question 17

Recap:

What muscles does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?

What muscles does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?

What muscles does the sciatic nerve innervate/

Answer 17

Superior Gluteal Nerve:

• Gluteus Medius
• Gluteus Minimus
• Tensor Fascia Latta

Inferior Gluteal Nerve:

• gluteus maximus

Sciatic Nerve:

• Biceps femoris
• Semimembranous
• Semitendinous

Question 18

Arteries:

Common _____ —-> external ______—-> femoral artery

As femoral comes down it gives off deep femoral

Reaches knee, and femoral becomes _____

Answer 18

Arteries:
Common iliac artery —-> external iliac artery—> femoral artery

As femoral comes down it gives off deep femoral

Reaches knee, and femoral becomes politeal artery

Question 19

Cruciate Anastamosis:

if there is a blockage in the femoral artery and external iliac artery right by the inguinal ligament, blood can still get to the knee via the _____

(hint think of the pneumonic)

Answer 19

Cruciate Anastamosis:

If there is a blockage in the femoral artery, and external iliac artery right by the inguinal ligament, blood can still get to the knee via this cruciate anastamosis

FILM:

First perforating of profunda femoris

Inferior gluteal

Lateral Femoral

Medial Femoral Circumflex

Question 20

Trendelenburg Sign:

Buttocks opposite of the _______ muscle weakness will drop (________ nerve injury)

Pelvis tilts down on ______ side

Answer 20

Positive Trendelenburg Sign:

Buttocks opposite of the gluteal medius weakness will drop (superior gluteal nerve injury)

Pelvis tilts down on opposite of the affected side

Question 21

What structures medially rotate the hip/thigh?

What structures laterally rotate the thigh/hip?

What structures medially rotate the knee? Laterally rotates the knee?

Answer 21

HIP/THIGH:

• Medial Rotators: Gluteal Minimus & Medius
• Lateral Rotators: Obturator Internus, Gemellus Superior and Inferior, Piriformis, Quadratus Femoris, Gluteus Maximus

Knee:

Medial Rotators: Semimembranous and Semitendinous,

Lateral Rotators: Biceps Femoris