Exam 3: Gluteal Region and Post Thigh Flashcards
What is the longest nerve in the human body?
A positive trendelenberg sign would indicate what?
Name the two ligaments which help define the greater and lesser sciatic foramen
- Longest nerve in the human body: sciatic nerve
- Positive trendelenberg sign indicates a weak gluteus medius muscle (opposite to whichever side is tilting)
- Two ligaments that help define the greater and lesser sciatic foramen: sacral spinus and posterior cruciate
OBTURATOR INTERNUS:
Action: what does it do to the thigh?
What nerve is it innervated by?
Obturator Internus:
- Laterally rotates and stabilizes the thigh
- Innervated by nerve to obturator internus
Gemellus Superior:
Action?
Nerve?
Gemellus Superior:
laterally rotates the thigh and stabilizes the thigh
Nerve: nerve to obderator internus
Gemellus Inferior:
Action?
Innervated by which nerve?
Gemullus Inferior:
Laterally rotates the thigh
Nerve to quadratis femoris
Gemellus superior: _____ nerve
Gemellus inferior: ______ nerve
Gemellus superior: nerve to obdurator internus
Gemellus inferior: nerve to quadratus femoris
Above the sacrospinus ligament is the ______ and below it is the ______
If a nerve or artery come out above the _____ muscle it is termed superior gluteal, if it comes out below it is termed inferior gluteal
Above the sacrospinus ligament is the greater sciatic foramen and below it is the lesser sciatic foramen
If a nerve or artery come out above the piriformis muscle it is termed superior gluteal, if it comes out below the piriformis it is termed inferior gluteal
Piriformis Muscle:
Action?
Nerve?
Piriformis Muscle:
Laterally rotates and stabilizes the thigh
Nerve: anterior primary rami of S1, 2
Gluteus Minimus and Gluteus Medius:
Action?
Nerve?
Both the gluteus minimus and gluteus medius abduct and medially rotate the thigh, and also tilt the pelvis while walking
Nerve for both: superior gluteal nerve
Quadratus Femoris:
Action?
Nerve?
Quadratus Femoris:
Laterally rotates hip
Nerve to quadratus femoris
Gluteus Maximus
Action?
Nerve?
Gluteus Maximus
gluteus maximus extends and laterally rotates the hip, aids knee in extension
Nerve: inferior gluteal nerve
Tensor Fasca Lata:
Action
nerve
Tensor Fascia Lata:
maintains knee extended and abducts thigh
nerve: superior gluteal nerve
Gluteus Minimus & Medius vs Gluteus Maximus
Explain their different actions and different innervations
Gluteus Minimus and Medius both medially rotate the thigh and tild the pelvis while walking (superior gluteal nerve)
Gluteus Maximus: laterally rotates the hip and inferior gluteal nerve
Biceps Femoris:
Action?
Innervation?
Biceps Femoris:
Flexes and laterally rotates the knee
sciatic nerve
Semimembranous
Action
Nerve
Semimembranous:
Action: flexes and medially rotates the knee
Nerve: tibial portion of sciatic nerve
Semitendinous:
Action?
Nerve?
Semitendinous:
Action: flexes and medially rotates the knee
Nerve: Tibial portion of sciatic nerve
__________ laterally rotates and flexes the knee, while _____ and _____ medially rotates and flexes the knee
Biceps femoris: laterally rotates and flexes knee
Semimebranous and Semitendinous: medially rotates and flexes the knee
Recap:
What muscles does the superior gluteal nerve innervate?
What muscles does the inferior gluteal nerve innervate?
What muscles does the sciatic nerve innervate/
Superior Gluteal Nerve:
- Gluteus Medius
- Gluteus Minimus
- Tensor Fascia Latta
Inferior Gluteal Nerve:
- gluteus maximus
Sciatic Nerve:
- Biceps femoris
- Semimembranous
- Semitendinous
Arteries:
Common _____ —-> external ______—-> femoral artery
As femoral comes down it gives off deep femoral
Reaches knee, and femoral becomes _____
Arteries:
Common iliac artery —-> external iliac artery—> femoral artery
As femoral comes down it gives off deep femoral
Reaches knee, and femoral becomes politeal artery
Cruciate Anastamosis:
if there is a blockage in the femoral artery and external iliac artery right by the inguinal ligament, blood can still get to the knee via the _____
(hint think of the pneumonic)
Cruciate Anastamosis:
If there is a blockage in the femoral artery, and external iliac artery right by the inguinal ligament, blood can still get to the knee via this cruciate anastamosis
FILM:
First perforating of profunda femoris
Inferior gluteal
Lateral Femoral
Medial Femoral Circumflex
Trendelenburg Sign:
Buttocks opposite of the _______ muscle weakness will drop (________ nerve injury)
Pelvis tilts down on ______ side
Positive Trendelenburg Sign:
Buttocks opposite of the gluteal medius weakness will drop (superior gluteal nerve injury)
Pelvis tilts down on opposite of the affected side
What structures medially rotate the hip/thigh?
What structures laterally rotate the thigh/hip?
What structures medially rotate the knee? Laterally rotates the knee?
HIP/THIGH:
- Medial Rotators: Gluteal Minimus & Medius
- Lateral Rotators: Obturator Internus, Gemellus Superior and Inferior, Piriformis, Quadratus Femoris, Gluteus Maximus
Knee:
Medial Rotators: Semimembranous and Semitendinous,
Lateral Rotators: Biceps Femoris
