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Immunology > Exam 3: Hypersensitivity Type IV > Flashcards

Exam 3: Hypersensitivity Type IV Flashcards

1
Q

what type of immune response in type IV hypersensitivity

A

cellular immune response

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2
Q

what is the main cell involved in type IV hypersensitivity

A

T cells

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3
Q

type IV hypersensitivity characteristics

A

injected antigen

antigen presenting cells

T cells

tuberculin

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4
Q

what is tuberculin

A

inflammatory response in the skin of an animal affected with tuberculosis following intradermal injection of tuberculin

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5
Q

how long does it take for type IV hypersensitivity to appear

A

delayed hypersensitivity

inflammation in 12-24 hours

increased intensity of inflammation 24-72 hours

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6
Q

what causes false negative in tuberculin

A

animals with advanced tuberculosis (IgG)

test at early stage of infection

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7
Q

types of tuberculin tests in cattle

A

single intradermal

comparative

short thermal

stormont

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8
Q

single intradermal
use
advantages
disadvantages

A

use - routine testing

advantages - simple

disadvantages - prone to false negatives, poor sensitivity

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9
Q

comparative
use
advantages
disadvangates

A

use - when avian TB or Johne disease is prevalent

advantages - more specific than SID

disadvantages - more complex than SID

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10
Q

short thermal
use
advantages
disadvantages

A

use - use in postpartum animals and in infected animals

advantages - high efficiency

disadvantages - time consuming, risk for anaphylaxis

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11
Q

Stormont
use
advantages
disadvantages

A

use - use in postpartum animals and in advanced cases

advantages - very sensitive and accurate

disadvantages - three visits required, may sensitize an animal

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12
Q

different kinds of skin tests for tuberculin

A

Johnin = Mycobacterium avium var paratuberculosis

Brucella abortus

Mallein = Burkholderia mallei

Histoplasmin = Histoplasmosis

Coccidoidin = Coccidioidomycosis

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13
Q

allergic contact dermatitis

A

if reactive chemicals are painted onto skin, they may bind to skin proteins, and the resulting complexes are processed by Langerhans cells in the dermis

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14
Q

what can cause allergic contact dermatitis

A

poison ivy

haptens - chrome, nickel, resin, latex

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15
Q

Atopic dermatitis vs Allergic contact dermatitis

pathogenesis

A

Atopic dermatitis - type I hypersensitivity

Allergic contact dermatitis - type IV hypersensitivity

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16
Q

Atopic dermatitis vs Allergic contact dermatitis

clinical signs

A

Atopic dermatitis - hyperemia, urticaria, pruritis

Allergic contact dermatitis - hyperemia, vasiculation, alopecia, erythema

17
Q

Atopic dermatitis vs Allergic contact dermatitis

distrubution

A

Atopic dermatitis - face, nose, eyes, feet, perineum

Allergic contact dermatitis - hairless areas, usually ventral abdomen and feet

18
Q

Atopic dermatitis vs Allergic contact dermatitis

major allergens

A

Atopic dermatitis - foods, pollens, fleas, inhaled allergens

Allergic contact dermatitis - reactive chemicals, dyes in contact with skin

19
Q

Atopic dermatitis vs Allergic contact dermatitis

diagnosis

A

Atopic dermatitis - intradermal testing, immediate response

Allergic contact dermatitis - delayed response on patch testing

20
Q

Atopic dermatitis vs Allergic contact dermatitis

pathology

A

Atopic dermatitis - eosinophilic infiltration, edema

Allergic contact dermatitis - mononuclear cell infiltration, vesiculation

21
Q

Atopic dermatitis vs Allergic contact dermatitis

treatment

A

Atopic dermatitis - steroids, antihistamines, hyposensitization

Allergic contact dermatitis - steroids

22
Q

measurement of cell proliferation

A

the measurement of cell proliferation by detecting the uptake of tritiated thymidine

23
Q

measurement of cell proliferation - what stimulates the cells to divide

A

cells are stimulated to divide by specific antigen or a mitogen

24
Q

measurement of cell proliferation - where is thymidine incorporated

A

the thymidine is incorporates into the DNA of the dividing cells

25
Q

measurement of cell proliferation - how is uptake measured

A

the uptake is simply measured by the radioactivity of the cells

26
Q

measurement of cell death

A

the measurement of cell death by detecting the release of chromium-51 by dying cells

27
Q

measurement of cell death - what triggers release of chromium-51

A

this release may be triggered by cytotoxic T cells or NK cells

28
Q

IFN-y production - Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay

A

the release of IFN-y by peripheral blood lymphocytes following exposure to tuberculin or to purified mycobacterial antigens

29
Q

what can IFN-y production - Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay be used for

A

this technique can be used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in cattle and deer

30
Q

in IFN-y production - Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, what is added to the blood and how long is it incubated for

A

tuberculin PPD is added to blood, and the mixture is incubated for 24-48 hours

31
Q

in IFN-y production - Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, what is removed and what are they looking for

A

the plasma is then removed and assayed for any interferon produced

32
Q

ELISpot = Enzyme Linked Immunospot steps

A
  1. antibody against cytokine added (IFN)
  2. lymphoid cells added and incubate
  3. cytokines secreted and bind to capture antibody
  4. cells washed off
  5. labelled antiglobulin followed by substrate added
  6. bound cytokine detected using enzyme labeled antiglobulin
33
Q

IFN-y production - Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay Steps

A
  1. antigen added to blood lymphocytes
  2. incubate
  3. cytokines secreted
  4. centrifuge
  5. remove supernatant
  6. measure cytokine such as IFN-y using ELISA
34
Q

measurement of cell death steps

A
  1. target cells
  2. target cells take up chromium-51
  3. cytotoxic cells added
  4. incubate
  5. killed cells release chromium-51
  6. count radioactivity
35
Q

measurement of cell proliferation steps

A
  1. lymphocytes
  2. antigen or mitogen added
  3. radioactive thymidine
  4. dividing cells take up H3-thymidine
  5. centrifuge and remove unbound thymidine
  6. count radioactivity

Immunology (15 decks)

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