Exam 1: Intro

Question 1

Definition of immunity

Answer 1

Natural or acquired resistance to disease

Immunological reaction by cells in presence of antigen

Question 2

What is cell mediated immunity

Answer 2

A form of adaptive immunity, mainly directed against viruses.

Question 3

Small Pox Vaccine

Answer 3

Edward Jenner

Farmers that had cow pox survived from small pox.

Question 4

3 ways body defends against pathogens –> mechanisms of immune response

Answer 4

1. Physical barriers
2. Innate immunity
3. Adaptive immunity

Question 5

Physical Barriers

Answer 5

Tears, turbulence, saliva, vomiting, mucus, cilia, coughing, normal flora, fatty acids, lysozyme, diarrhea, fluid flow

Question 6

Innate immunity: what do cells do

Answer 6

Detect invaders

Eat invaders

Kill invaders

Kill virus infected cells

Question 7

Innate immunity: what do molecules do

Answer 7

Bind and kill invaders

Coat invaders so cells can kill them

Block microbial growth

Prevent microbial spread

Mobilize body defenses

Question 8

Innate Immunity Characteristics (7 things)

Answer 8

Always on

Cells engaged: macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, NK cells

Ancient evolutionary history

Rapid onset - minutes to hours

Specificity: common microbial structures

May be overwhelmed

No memory

Does not improve

Question 9

Adaptive Immunity Characteristics (7 things)

Answer 9

Needs to be turned on by antigens

Cells engaged: T and B cells

Recent evolutionary history

Slow onset - days to weeks

Specificity: unique antigens

Rarely overwhelmed

Significant memory

Improves with exposure

Question 10

Serum vs Plasma

Answer 10

Serum: cell-free liquid, no clotting factors, rich in antibodies

Plasma: cell-free liquid, has clotting factors, has antibodies (but we don’t want these)

Need anticoagulant in tube to get plasma

Don’t want plasma antibodies because clotting factors still in the solution and we don’t want that

Question 11

Antibody mediated immune response: Natural transfer of immunity

Answer 11

Antibodies in mom transferred to baby during nursing

As offspring age, antibodies from mom decrease so vaccinate

Question 12

Antibody mediated immune response: Artificial transfer of immunity

Answer 12

Give animal vaccine

Animal produces antibodies and is protected

Take serum sample from protected horse

Give to unprotected horse - now protected

Question 13

Components of blood

Answer 13

Plasma: water, proteins (where antibodies are), other solutes

Erythrocytes: red blood cells

Buffy coat: white blood cells

Question 14

Typical immune response: Innate (5 steps)

Answer 14

1. Immune surveillance
2. Detection of threat
3. Initiation of inflammation
4. Innate immune effector mechanisms
5. Control of eradication of threat

Question 15

Typical immune response: Adaptive (8 steps)

Answer 15

1. Immune surveillance
2. Detection of threat
3. Initiation of inflammation
4. Stimulation of adaptive immune effector mechanisms
5. Lymphocyte clonal expansion
6. Adaptive immune effector mechanisms
7. Control of eradication of threat
8. Immunological memory