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Immunology > Exam 1: Cells of the Immune System > Flashcards

Exam 1: Cells of the Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Define Hematopoiesis

A

Physiological mechanism to produce RBC, WBC, and platelets

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2
Q

3 major lineages for hematopoiesis

A
  1. Erythroid - erythrocytes and platelets
  2. Myeloid - granulocytes, mast cells, monocytes, macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells
  3. Lymphoid - Lymphocytes (T and B cells)
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3
Q

Hematopoietic Growth Factors

A
  1. Colony stimulating factors (CSF) - granulocyte-monocyte CSF, Granulocyte CSF
  2. Interleukins (IL) - IL1, IL3, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL7
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4
Q

Neutrophils: description and location

A

First line of defense

Polymorphic nucleus - segmented, can have different shapes

Granular cytoplasm

Location: blood

Bird neutrophil is called heterophil

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5
Q

Eosinophils: Description and location

A

Eosinophilic granules - stain red with eosin

Location: blood and tissues lining gastrointestinal tract and airways

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6
Q

Monocytes: description and location

A

Second line of defense against pathogens

Important role in chronic infection

Large roundish nucleus

Diffuse pale blue-grey staining cytoplasm commonly containing vacuoles

Location: blood

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7
Q

Mast Cells: description and location

A

When mast cells activated - contents of granules released and induce inflammation

Round nucleus, cytoplasm densely packed with granules (purple)

Location: tissues - particularly connective tissue surrounding vasculature and nerves, lamina propria of mucosa

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8
Q

NK Cells: Description and location

A

Large lymphoid cell, round nucleus, azurophilic cytoplasm granules

Location: blood, spleen

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9
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Capable of specifically recognizing and distinguishing different antigens

Adaptive immune response, specificity, and memory

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10
Q

B cells (6 things)

A

Recognize extracellular antigens

Produce antibodies

Differentiate in plasma cells

Main role in humoral immune response

Mature in Bone marrow

In birds mature in the Bursa of fabricius

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11
Q

T cells (6 things)

A

Recognize intracellular antigens

Do not produce antibodies

Differentiate in several types of lymphocytes

Main role in cellular immune response

Mature in Thymus

Produce cytokines

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12
Q

Neutrophils: classification and lineage

A

Classification: granulocyte, phagocyte

Myeloid lineage

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13
Q

Neutrophils: Function

A

Antimicrobial effectors - particularly in acute bacterial infection

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14
Q

Neutrophils: Mechanism of action

A

Phagocytosis, degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap formation

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15
Q

Eosinophils: Classification and lineage

A

Classification: granulocyte

Myeloid lineage

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16
Q

Eosinophils: Function

A

Anti-parasitic effectors - particularly in helminthic infection, some antiviral action, roles in allergy

17
Q

Eosinophils: Mechanism of action

A

Degranulation, limited phagocytosis

18
Q

Basophils: Description and location

A

Blue-purple basophilic granules with basic dyes

Location: blood

19
Q

Basophils: Classification and lineage

A

Classification: granulocyte

Myeloid lineage

20
Q

Basophils: function

A

Mediator of inflammation

21
Q

Basophils: Mechanism of action

A

Degranulation

22
Q

Monocytes: Classification and lineage

A

Classification: mononuclear phagocytes

Myeloid lineage

23
Q

Monocytes: Function

A

Precursors of macrophages and DCs

24
Q

Monocytes: Mechanism of action

A

Limited antimicrobial function in blood

25
Q

Macrophages: Description and location

A

Round nucleus, clear-vacuolated cytoplasm, irregular cell shape

Location: peripheral tissue

26
Q

Macrophages: Classification and lineage

A

Classification: mononuclear phagocyte, sentinel cell, antigen presenting cell

Myeloid lineage

27
Q

Macrophages: Function

A

Immune surveillance, moderate antimicrobial capacity, limited antigen presentation

28
Q

Macrophages: Mechanism of action

A

Detection of threats and release of inflammatory mediators, phagocytosis

29
Q

Dendritic cells: Description and location

A

Professional antigen presenting cells

Round nucleus, clear cytoplasm, irregular shape with long branched projections (dendrites)

Location: tissues

30
Q

Dendritic cells: Classification and lineage

A

Classification: mononuclear phagocyte, sentinel cell, antigen presenting cells

Myeloid lineage

31
Q

Dendritic cells: Function

A

Immune surveillance, antigen processing and presentation

32
Q

Dendritic cells: Mechanism of action

A

Detection of threats and release of inflammatory mediators, endocytosis and phagocytosis

33
Q

Mast cells: Classification and lineage

A

Classification: sentinel cells

Myeloid lineage

34
Q

Mast cells: Function

A

Immune surveillance, mediator and amplifier of inflammation and allergy

35
Q

Mast cells: Mechanism of action

A

Detection of threats and release of inflammatory mediators via degranulation (vasoactive amines) or synthesis of lipid mediators and cytokines

36
Q

NK cells: Classification and lineage

A

Classification: lymphocyte

Lymphoid lineage

37
Q

NK cells: Function

A

Destruction of virally infected or abnormal host cells (including tumor cells)

38
Q

NK cells: Mechanism of action

A

Recognition of virally infected cells or abnormal host cells and target release of cytotoxic granules

Immunology (15 decks)

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