Exam 3 Hormone Imbalance Flashcards
what collection of organs regulates hormones?
the hypothalamic-pituitary axis
describe negative feedback loop
hormones signal changes to restore homeostasis
(usually is something goes up, the other goes down or vice versa)
describe positive feedback loop
hormones signal changes to drive away from homeostasis until something changes
(example: contractions to expel a baby!)
describe the hormones of the stress response
corticotropin-release hormone “CRH” signals
adrenocorticotropic hormone “ACTH” signals
Cortisol signals
Catecholamines
stress = eat candy but, candied apples cause cavities
describe catecholamines
sympathetic neurotransmitters (such as epinephrine)
describe the effects of the stress response
increase HR, BP, resp, and mental focus
also reduces inflammation
give the name for the group of symptoms associated with prolonged stress response
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
identify the stages of General Adaptation Syndrome
there are three:
alarm,
resistance/adaptation,
exhaustion
describe the first stage of General Adaptation Syndrome
the alarm stage occurs for the first 24hr of stress
it activates the sympathetic nervous system
describe the second stage of General Adaptation Syndrome
the resistance/adaptation stage occurs with sustained stress, initial response drops and stabilizes
cortisol and glucose drop,
high HR, BP, resp continue
describe the third stage of General Adaptation Syndrome
with the exhaustion stage, adaptation to stress begins to fail,
reduced blood flow begins to cause organ failure (such as stomach ulcers)
describe Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
too much ADH causes water retention
identify key symptoms of SIADH
oliguria/anuria, hypotonic hyponatremia
identify most common cause of SIADH
ectopic ADH secretion (tumor)
identify deadly serum sodium level for SIADH
sodium less than 115 is deadly
describe urine characteristics for SIADH
low output, high concentration, dark/brown color
describe Diabetes Insipidus
inability to retain water
identify worst outcomes for DI
untreated can cause shock, death
describe causes of DI
CNS - too little ADH
nephrogenic - kidneys stop responding to ADH
describe treatment for DI
provide hydration,
antidiuretics (“pressins”)
describe hyperthyroidism
excess thyroid function, metabolism overworked
identify causes of hyperthyroidism
excess thyroid stimulating hormone,
disfunction of thyroid,
graves disease
describe Graves Disease
autoimmune disease where IgG binds to TSH receptors which stimulates the thyroid
identify key symptoms of hyperthyroidism
weight loss, heat intolerance, increased BP, HR
identify key symptoms of Grave’s Disease
weight loss, sweating, tachycardia, fine hair, oily skin, exophthalmos
describe exophthalmos
bulging eyes due to increased adipose and edema
describe thyroid storm
extreme hyperthyroidism, it is a medical emergency
describe symptoms of thyroid storm
crazy high BP, HR, temp
describe the triggers of a thyroid storm
can occur due to sudden changes/stress
