Exam 3 Hormone Imbalance

Question 1

what collection of organs regulates hormones?

Answer 1

the hypothalamic-pituitary axis

Question 2

describe negative feedback loop

Answer 2

hormones signal changes to restore homeostasis

(usually is something goes up, the other goes down or vice versa)

Question 3

describe positive feedback loop

Answer 3

hormones signal changes to drive away from homeostasis until something changes

(example: contractions to expel a baby!)

Question 4

describe the hormones of the stress response

Answer 4

corticotropin-release hormone “CRH” signals
adrenocorticotropic hormone “ACTH” signals
Cortisol signals
Catecholamines

stress = eat candy but, candied apples cause cavities

Question 5

describe catecholamines

Answer 5

sympathetic neurotransmitters (such as epinephrine)

Question 6

describe the effects of the stress response

Answer 6

increase HR, BP, resp, and mental focus
also reduces inflammation

Question 7

give the name for the group of symptoms associated with prolonged stress response

Answer 7

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Question 8

identify the stages of General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 8

there are three:
alarm,
resistance/adaptation,
exhaustion

Question 9

describe the first stage of General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 9

the alarm stage occurs for the first 24hr of stress
it activates the sympathetic nervous system

Question 10

describe the second stage of General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 10

the resistance/adaptation stage occurs with sustained stress, initial response drops and stabilizes
cortisol and glucose drop,
high HR, BP, resp continue

Question 11

describe the third stage of General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 11

with the exhaustion stage, adaptation to stress begins to fail,
reduced blood flow begins to cause organ failure (such as stomach ulcers)

Question 12

describe Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone

Answer 12

too much ADH causes water retention

Question 13

identify key symptoms of SIADH

Answer 13

oliguria/anuria, hypotonic hyponatremia

Question 14

identify most common cause of SIADH

Answer 14

ectopic ADH secretion (tumor)

Question 15

identify deadly serum sodium level for SIADH

Answer 15

sodium less than 115 is deadly

Question 16

describe urine characteristics for SIADH

Answer 16

low output, high concentration, dark/brown color

Question 17

describe Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 17

inability to retain water

Question 18

identify worst outcomes for DI

Answer 18

untreated can cause shock, death

Question 19

describe causes of DI

Answer 19

CNS - too little ADH
nephrogenic - kidneys stop responding to ADH

Question 20

describe treatment for DI

Answer 20

provide hydration,
antidiuretics (“pressins”)

Question 21

describe hyperthyroidism

Answer 21

excess thyroid function, metabolism overworked

Question 22

identify causes of hyperthyroidism

Answer 22

excess thyroid stimulating hormone,
disfunction of thyroid,
graves disease

Question 23

describe Graves Disease

Answer 23

autoimmune disease where IgG binds to TSH receptors which stimulates the thyroid

Question 24

identify key symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Answer 24

weight loss, heat intolerance, increased BP, HR

Question 25

identify key symptoms of Grave’s Disease

Answer 25

weight loss, sweating, tachycardia, fine hair, oily skin, exophthalmos

Question 26

describe exophthalmos

Answer 26

bulging eyes due to increased adipose and edema

Question 27

describe thyroid storm

Answer 27

extreme hyperthyroidism, it is a medical emergency

Question 28

describe symptoms of thyroid storm

Answer 28

crazy high BP, HR, temp

Question 29

describe the triggers of a thyroid storm

Answer 29

can occur due to sudden changes/stress