Exam 3 Hormone Imbalance Flashcards

1
Q

what collection of organs regulates hormones?

A

the hypothalamic-pituitary axis

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2
Q

describe negative feedback loop

A

hormones signal changes to restore homeostasis

(usually is something goes up, the other goes down or vice versa)

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3
Q

describe positive feedback loop

A

hormones signal changes to drive away from homeostasis until something changes

(example: contractions to expel a baby!)

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4
Q

describe the hormones of the stress response

A

corticotropin-release hormone “CRH” signals
adrenocorticotropic hormone “ACTH” signals
Cortisol signals
Catecholamines

stress = eat candy but, candied apples cause cavities

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5
Q

describe catecholamines

A

sympathetic neurotransmitters (such as epinephrine)

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6
Q

describe the effects of the stress response

A

increase HR, BP, resp, and mental focus
also reduces inflammation

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7
Q

give the name for the group of symptoms associated with prolonged stress response

A

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

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8
Q

identify the stages of General Adaptation Syndrome

A

there are three:
alarm,
resistance/adaptation,
exhaustion

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9
Q

describe the first stage of General Adaptation Syndrome

A

the alarm stage occurs for the first 24hr of stress
it activates the sympathetic nervous system

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10
Q

describe the second stage of General Adaptation Syndrome

A

the resistance/adaptation stage occurs with sustained stress, initial response drops and stabilizes
cortisol and glucose drop,
high HR, BP, resp continue

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11
Q

describe the third stage of General Adaptation Syndrome

A

with the exhaustion stage, adaptation to stress begins to fail,
reduced blood flow begins to cause organ failure (such as stomach ulcers)

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12
Q

describe Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone

A

too much ADH causes water retention

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13
Q

identify key symptoms of SIADH

A

oliguria/anuria, hypotonic hyponatremia

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14
Q

identify most common cause of SIADH

A

ectopic ADH secretion (tumor)

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15
Q

identify deadly serum sodium level for SIADH

A

sodium less than 115 is deadly

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16
Q

describe urine characteristics for SIADH

A

low output, high concentration, dark/brown color

17
Q

describe Diabetes Insipidus

A

inability to retain water

18
Q

identify worst outcomes for DI

A

untreated can cause shock, death

19
Q

describe causes of DI

A

CNS - too little ADH
nephrogenic - kidneys stop responding to ADH

20
Q

describe treatment for DI

A

provide hydration,
antidiuretics (“pressins”)

21
Q

describe hyperthyroidism

A

excess thyroid function, metabolism overworked

22
Q

identify causes of hyperthyroidism

A

excess thyroid stimulating hormone,
disfunction of thyroid,
graves disease

23
Q

describe Graves Disease

A

autoimmune disease where IgG binds to TSH receptors which stimulates the thyroid

24
Q

identify key symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

weight loss, heat intolerance, increased BP, HR

25
identify key symptoms of Grave's Disease
weight loss, sweating, tachycardia, fine hair, oily skin, exophthalmos
26
describe exophthalmos
bulging eyes due to increased adipose and edema
27
describe thyroid storm
extreme hyperthyroidism, it is a medical emergency
28
describe symptoms of thyroid storm
crazy high BP, HR, temp
29
describe the triggers of a thyroid storm
can occur due to sudden changes/stress
30