Exam 3 Electrolytes

Question 1

name some cations

Answer 1

sodium, calcium, hydrogen, potassium

(Cat, t = + = positive)

Question 2

name some anions

Answer 2

chloride, bicarb, sulfate, phosphate

(an, n = negative charge)

Question 3

identify ions of extracellular fluid

Answer 3

high in sodium, chloride, calcium

Question 4

identify ions of intracellular fluid

Answer 4

high in potassium

Question 5

describe hyponatremia

Answer 5

blood serum sodium low

Question 6

identify lab value for hyponatremia

Answer 6

sodium less than 135 mEq/L

Question 7

describe hypernatremia

Answer 7

blood serum sodium high

Question 8

identify lab values for hypernatremia

Answer 8

sodium more than 145 mEq/L

Question 9

identify the key symptoms of hyponatremia

Answer 9

oliguria and anuria

Question 10

identify the key symptoms of hypernatremia

Answer 10

edema

Question 11

describe hypokalemia

Answer 11

blood serum potassium low

Question 12

identify lab values for hypokalemia

Answer 12

potassium less than 3.5 mEq/L

Question 13

describe hyperkalemia

Answer 13

blood serum potassium high

Question 14

identify lab values for hyperkalemia

Answer 14

potassium greater than 5 mEq/L

Question 15

identify key symptoms of hypokalemia

Answer 15

cardiac arrhythmias

Question 16

identify key symptoms of hyperkalemia

Answer 16

flaccid paralysis

Question 17

describe hypochloremia

Answer 17

blood serum chloride low

Question 18

identify lab values for hypochloremia

Answer 18

chloride less than 98 mEq/L

Question 19

describe hyperchloremia

Answer 19

blood serum chloride high

Question 20

identify key symptoms of hypochloremia

Answer 20

excessive tone and tetany

Question 21

define tetany

Answer 21

sustained contraction of muscles

Question 22

identify key symptoms of hyperchloremia

Answer 22

deep, rapid breathing

Question 23

describe hypocalcemia

Answer 23

blood serum calcium low

Question 24

identify lab values for hypocalcemia

Answer 24

calcium level less than 8.5 mg/dL

Question 25

describe hypercalcemia

Answer 25

blood serum calcium high

Question 26

identify lab values for hypercalcemia

Answer 26

calcium level greater than 10.5 mg/dL

Question 27

identify organ most responsible for calcium balance

Answer 27

parathyroid glands

Question 28

identify key symptoms of hypocalcemia

Answer 28

tetany, laryngospasm

Question 29

identify key symptoms of hypercalcemia

Answer 29

bone pain

(bones are going too hard at the gym, and they call out in pain)

Question 30

describe hypomagnesemia

Answer 30

blood serum magnesium low

Question 31

identify lab values for hypomagnesemia

Answer 31

magnesium levels less than 1.5 mEq/L

Question 32

describe hypermagnesemia

Answer 32

blood serum magnesium high

Question 33

identify lab values for hypermagnesemia

Answer 33

magnesium levels greater than 2.5 mEq/L

Question 34

identify key symptoms of hypomagnesemia

Answer 34

muscle cramping

Question 35

identify key symptoms of hypermagnesemia

Answer 35

diminished reflexes

high mag = killing your kidneys, causes muscle weakness

Question 36

describe hypophosphatemia

Answer 36

blood serum phosphate low

Question 37

identify lab values for hypophosphatemia

Answer 37

phosphate level less than 2.5 mg/dL

Question 38

describe hyperphosphatemia

Answer 38

blood serum phosphate high

Question 39

identify lab values of hyperphosphatemia

Answer 39

phosphate level above 4.5 mg/dL

Question 40

identify key reasons for hypophosphatemia

Answer 40

may result from:
* severe burns
* malnutrition

Question 41

describe key symptoms of hypophosphatemia

Answer 41

paresthesia

Question 42

identify key symptoms of hyperphosphatemia

Answer 42

soft tissue calcification

(unlikely but possible; usually no symptoms of hyperphosphatemia)

Question 43

identify lab values for hyperchloremia

Answer 43

chloride greater than 108 mEq/L

Question 44

describe paresthesia

Answer 44

abnormal sensation in peripheral nerves

(pins and needles in extremities)