Exam 3 Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

name some cations

A

sodium, calcium, hydrogen, potassium

(Cat, t = + = positive)

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2
Q

name some anions

A

chloride, bicarb, sulfate, phosphate

(an, n = negative charge)

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3
Q

identify ions of extracellular fluid

A

high in sodium, chloride, calcium

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4
Q

identify ions of intracellular fluid

A

high in potassium

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5
Q

describe hyponatremia

A

blood serum sodium low

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6
Q

identify lab value for hyponatremia

A

sodium less than 135 mEq/L

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7
Q

describe hypernatremia

A

blood serum sodium high

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8
Q

identify lab values for hypernatremia

A

sodium more than 145 mEq/L

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9
Q

identify the key symptoms of hyponatremia

A

oliguria and anuria

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10
Q

identify the key symptoms of hypernatremia

A

edema

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11
Q

describe hypokalemia

A

blood serum potassium low

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12
Q

identify lab values for hypokalemia

A

potassium less than 3.5 mEq/L

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13
Q

describe hyperkalemia

A

blood serum potassium high

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14
Q

identify lab values for hyperkalemia

A

potassium greater than 5 mEq/L

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15
Q

identify key symptoms of hypokalemia

A

cardiac arrhythmias

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16
Q

identify key symptoms of hyperkalemia

A

flaccid paralysis

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17
Q

describe hypochloremia

A

blood serum chloride low

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18
Q

identify lab values for hypochloremia

A

chloride less than 98 mEq/L

19
Q

describe hyperchloremia

A

blood serum chloride high

20
Q

identify key symptoms of hypochloremia

A

excessive tone and tetany

21
Q

define tetany

A

sustained contraction of muscles

22
Q

identify key symptoms of hyperchloremia

A

deep, rapid breathing

23
Q

describe hypocalcemia

A

blood serum calcium low

24
Q

identify lab values for hypocalcemia

A

calcium level less than 8.5 mg/dL

25
describe hypercalcemia
blood serum calcium high
26
identify lab values for hypercalcemia
calcium level greater than 10.5 mg/dL
27
identify organ most responsible for calcium balance
parathyroid glands
28
identify key symptoms of hypocalcemia
tetany, laryngospasm
29
identify key symptoms of hypercalcemia
bone pain | (bones are going too hard at the gym, and they **cal**l out in pain)
30
describe hypomagnesemia
blood serum magnesium low
31
identify lab values for hypomagnesemia
magnesium levels less than 1.5 mEq/L
32
describe hypermagnesemia
blood serum magnesium high
33
identify lab values for hypermagnesemia
magnesium levels greater than 2.5 mEq/L
34
identify key symptoms of hypomagnesemia
muscle cramping
35
identify key symptoms of hypermagnesemia
diminished reflexes | high mag = killing your kidneys, causes muscle weakness
36
describe hypophosphatemia
blood serum phosphate low
37
identify lab values for hypophosphatemia
phosphate level less than 2.5 mg/dL
38
describe hyperphosphatemia
blood serum phosphate high
39
identify lab values of hyperphosphatemia
phosphate level above 4.5 mg/dL
40
identify key reasons for hypophosphatemia
may result from: * severe burns * malnutrition
41
describe key symptoms of hypophosphatemia
paresthesia
42
identify key symptoms of hyperphosphatemia
soft tissue calcification | (unlikely but possible; usually no symptoms of hyperphosphatemia)
43
identify lab values for hyperchloremia
chloride greater than 108 mEq/L
44
describe paresthesia
abnormal sensation in peripheral nerves | (pins and needles in extremities)