Exam 3 Essays

Question 1

hopewell setting

Answer 1

ohio valley, but spread into the eastern woodlands

Question 2

hopewell chronology

Answer 2

developed 200 bc- 500 ad

increases in complexity and then declines after ad 400-500

Question 3

hopewell economy

Answer 3

increasing importance of horticulture, continental scale trade and exchange

Question 4

hopewell architecture

Answer 4

enormous mounds with clusters covering many acres, geometric earthworks, charnel houses were erected and burnt, elite were buried in log lined tombs

Question 5

hopwell social structures

Answer 5

communities were nearby but not in the mound centers, there were interacting polities, and increasing social status for some. The reciprocity and exchange networks may have create “big men”

Question 6

iroquois setting

Answer 6

new york state, southern ontario, st. lawrence river

Question 7

iroquois chronology

Answer 7

owasco after ad 1300
height of communities after ad 1400
decline into the contact period

Question 8

iroquois economy

Answer 8

maize based agriculture supplemented by hunting and gathering

Question 9

iroquois architecture

Answer 9

rectangular longhouses with rounded ends, sidewall benches, end cubicle storage areas. Villages were in defensible positions and had pallisades

Question 10

iroquois social structure

Answer 10

matrilineal and matrilocal societies, women were the breadwinners. Shamanistic societies focused on healing

Question 11

adena setting

Answer 11

central ohio river valley, along major rivers and tributaries, rich alluvial soils and resources

Question 12

adena chronology

Answer 12

ca 1000 bc- 100 bc

exchange and long term cultural change developing into other cultures

Question 13

adena economy

Answer 13

H-G, increasing importance of horticulture, locally intensified foraging, long distance trade fostering intergoup relationships, these made up for food shortages

Question 14

adena architecture

Answer 14

conical burial mounds made with layer of earth, people lived in small hamlets and villages, later they possibly erected charnel houses

Question 15

adena social structure

Answer 15

numerous small scale interacting societies, started as egalitarian but began developing stratification, shamanistic societies focusing on transformative abilities developed

Question 16

cahokia setting

Answer 16

american bottom, southern illinois, high ground within a mississippian floodplain, exceptional diversity

Question 17

cahokia chronology

Answer 17

emerged quickly 1050-1150 AD
peaked around 1200 AD
experienced rapid decline by AD 1300

Question 18

cahokia economy

Answer 18

extensive trade network, alluvial soils facilitated agriculture, exploited rivers and terrestrial game, trade for food shortage

Question 19

cahokia architecture

Answer 19

built imposing public structures and shrines, sweathouses. People lived in pole and thatch houses, varying in size. There were mound and plaza structures, large 4 layer mound monks mound

Question 20

cahokia social structure

Answer 20

the great capital was at cahokia, with smaller political and administrative sites nearby, society was highly ranked, evidenced in elaborate burial practices and goods