Exam 3- DM 1&2

Question 1

Main concept and cause of DMT1onset

Answer 1

• autoimmune
• initiated by viral infection

Question 2

DMT1

Signs/Sxs

10

Answer 2

• 3 P’s
• fatigue
• wt loss
• glucosuria
• blurry vision
• irritability
• heart palpitations(K+)
• cold/clammy
• weakness
• younger*

Question 3

DM 1&2

Diagnostic Testing

3

Answer 3

• HgA1c
• fasting blood glucose
• OGTT

Question 4

Lab Values

Fasting blood glucose

and goal for DM

Answer 4

Pre: 100-125 mg/dL
DM: > or = 126 mg/dL
Goal: 70-130 mg/dL

Question 5

Lab Values

2 hr postprandial (OGTT)

Answer 5

Pre: 140-199
DM: > = 200 mg/dL

Question 6

Lab Values

HgbA1c

and what is the goal for DM

Answer 6

Pre: 5.7-6.4%
DM: >= 6.5%
goal: <7%

Question 7

Why is HgbA1c every 3 months

Answer 7

RBC’s last 3 months

Question 8

Lab Values

Random Blood Glucose

Answer 8

> = 200mg/dL (DM if
presenting with classic
signs/sx’s)

Question 9

DMT1

Tx

1 pharmacologic, 4 non pharmacologic

Answer 9

• insulin (dependent)
• nutrition management
• education
• self management
• isotonic fluids

Question 10

DMT2

Signs/Sx’s

9

Answer 10

• 3 P’s
• fatigue
• poor wound healing
• CVD
• vision changes
• reoccuring infection
• older
• obesity & increasing weight
• renal insufficiency

Question 11

DMT2

Tx

2 pharm, 7 non pharm

Answer 11

• oral antidiabetic meds
• insulin
• self manage
• education
• monitoring glucose
• monitor complications
• stress reduction
• positive coping

Question 12

Meds

Acting time of insulin lispro (Humalog)

Answer 12

fast acting

Question 13

Acting time of NPH (Humulin)

Answer 13

intermediate acting

Question 14

Acting time of insulin glargine (Lantus)

Answer 14

long acting

Question 15

Glipizide (glucotrol)
vs
Metformin (Glucophage)

Answer 15

• Glipizide: sulfonylureas; pancreas produce more insulin
• Metformin: biguanides; decreas liver production of glucose, makes body more sensitive to insulin

Question 16

Charcot Foot

Answer 16

Deformity of the foot/ankle from trauma, inflammation, and nerve damage (neuropathy)

Question 17

Kussmaul respirations

Answer 17

rapid, deep repirations
(to compensate the acidosis)

Question 18

Prandial Glycemic Control

Answer 18

giving insulin multiple times a day around meals to mimic the pancreas

Question 19

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 19

liver converts protein & fat for fuel

Question 20

Glycogenolysis

Answer 20

liver breaks down glycogen to glucose for fuel

Question 21

Glycogen

Answer 21

stored form of glucose

Question 22

Glucagon

Answer 22

hormone produced when glucose is gone to release glycogen

Question 23

2 chemical buffers

Answer 23

bicarb & phosphorus

Question 24

ABG

PaCO2 range

Answer 24

35-45 mmHg

Question 25

# ABG HCO3 range

Answer 25

22-26 mEq/L