Exam 3- Bowel Obstruction Flashcards
Definition
Obstipation
severe constipation leading to inability to pass stools
Definition
Adhesions
scar tissue connecting small intestine to itself
Definition
Paralytic ileus
intestinal muscles quit working
Definition
Tenesmus
feeling the urge to pass stool even though the tract is empty (straining, cramping, pain)
Definition
Intussusception
when the bowel folds into itself like a telescope
Definition
Volvulus
where the bowel twists around itself
small bowel obstruction is usually associated with what
adhesions
Examples of Mechanical obstructions
4
- adhesions
- strangulated hernias
- tumors
- fecal impaction
Examples of nonmechanical (neurogenic) obstructions and a typical cause
(3ex)
- peritoneal irritation
- intestinal ischemia
- paralytic ileus
(usually caused by abd surgery)
signs and sx’s of an obstruction
6
- abd distention (proximal to obstruction)
- sharp cramping intermittent pain
- N/V
- inability to pass stool (complete)
- high pitched BS
- if continual pain then emergency surgery
Labs and Dx tests
6
- abd xray
- CT
- MRI
- WBC count (monitor for infection)
- serum electrolytes (if suctioning)
- BUN
Potential complications of bowel obstruction
6
- intestinal perforation
- sepsis
- intra-abdominal abcess
- pneumonia w/ aspiration
- dehydration/electrolyte imbalances
- septic shock-could be fatal
Risk Factors for an obstruction
7
- obesity
- hernia
- volvulus
- Intussusception
- gallstones
- tumor
- adhesions
Tx and Meds for obstruction
6
- NG tube w suctioning
- IV potassium (due to suctioning)
- pain management
- antiemetics
- abx
- surgery if indicated
