exam 3, chapters 31, 32, 33, 34

Question 1

defining fungi:

Answer 1

single or multicellular, sexual or asexual, mitosis, specialized to extract and absorb nutrients from surroundings, cell walls made of fungi

Question 2

hyphae

Answer 2

multicellular fungi consist of long, slender filaments

Question 3

septa

Answer 3

small openings between cells

Question 4

mycelium

Answer 4

mass of connected hyphae, many hyphae connected

Question 5

monokaryotic

Answer 5

1 nucleus

Question 6

dikaryotic

Answer 6

2 nucleus

Question 7

heterokaryotic

Answer 7

nuclei from genetically distant. individuals (2 different)

Question 8

homokaryotic

Answer 8

nuclei are genetically similar to one another (2 same)

Question 9

mitosis

Answer 9

occurs within the nucleus, replicating the nucleus, split into 2 nuclei

Question 10

spores

Answer 10

most common means of reproduction among fungi

Question 11

high surface area=

Answer 11

more to eat

Question 12

fungi can break down

Answer 12

cellulose and lignin

Question 13

fungi are

Answer 13

big decomposers in the biosphere

Question 14

symbiosis

Answer 14

living together in close association with 2 different kinds of organisms

Question 15

obligate symbiosis

Answer 15

essential for fungus survival

Question 16

facultative symbiosis

Answer 16

nonessential

Question 17

pathogens

Answer 17

pathogens harm the host by causing disease

Question 18

parasites

Answer 18

cause harm to the host but do not cause disease

Question 19

commensal relationships

Answer 19

benefit one partner but do not harm the other

Question 20

mutualistic relationships

Answer 20

benefit both partners

Question 21

lichens

Answer 21

symbiotic associations between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner

Question 22

photosynthetic partner fixes sugars

Answer 22

for the fungus

Question 23

mycorrhizae

Answer 23

fungus helping plants

Question 24

mycorrhizae are found on the roots of

Answer 24

about 90% of all known vascular plant species

Question 25

2 principle types mycorrhizae

Answer 25

arbuscular mycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae

Question 26

arbuscular mycorrhizae

Answer 26

fungal partners are glomeromycetes

Question 27

in arbuscular mycorrhizae the hyphae penetrate the

Answer 27

root cell wall but not the cell membrane

Question 28

ectomycorrhizae

Answer 28

fungal partners are mostly basidiomycetes

Question 29

in ectomycorrhizae the hyphae surrounds

Answer 29

the root cells

Question 30

ruminant animals

Answer 30

herbivores with 4-chambered stomachs

Question 31

ruminant animals hosts

Answer 31

neocallimastigamycete fungi in their gut