Exam 3 Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

The dividing somite is made up of mesodermal cells, these give rise to:

A

Mesenchyme

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2
Q

The skeletal system is derived from ______. & mesenchyme of the head & limbs

A

Sclerotomes

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3
Q

Condensation of the mesenchyme gives rise to the bone models:

A

Cartilage: Endochondral or intercartilagenous
Membrane: Intramembranous

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4
Q

Neurocranium: Develops from what surrounding the brain?

A

Mesenchyme

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of neurocranium development?

A
  • Neurochondrocranium

- Neuromembranocranium

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6
Q

Neurochondrocranium builds what?

A

cartilage base for growing brain

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7
Q

Neuromembranocranuim forms what?

A

the sides & the roof of the neurocranium.

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8
Q

Anterior fontanelle - closes end of:

A

2nd yr.

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9
Q

Posterior & anterolateral fontaelle- closes:

A

2-3 months

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10
Q

Posterolateral closes:

A

End of the 1st year

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11
Q
  • Develops from mesenchyme of the sclerotome
  • Caudal portion densely packed
  • Cranial part loosely packed
  • Cranial portion moves up the caudal portion
  • These portions fuse to make the vertebra
  • This action makes room for the vessels & muscles
A

Vertebra Development

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12
Q
  • Doesn’t fuse untio 3rd month after birth
A

Spinous process

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13
Q

5 Ossification centers @ puberty

A
  • 1 @ tip of spinous process
  • 1 @ each tip of transverse process
  • 2 on the rim of the epiphyseal center
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14
Q
  • Intramembranous

- Ossifies before other bones in the body

A

Clavicle development

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15
Q
  • Small stature
  • Craniofacial- large face & head
  • Skeletal- short tubular bones
  • Hyper lordosis in lumbars
  • Etiology: autosomal dominate
A

Achondroplasia syndrome - slow growth of cartilage

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16
Q
  • Lipids accumulate in the mesenchyme & nervous system
  • Grow is stunted & nervous system is compromised - Lower IQ
  • Hunter’s & Hurler’s Syndrome
A

Mucopolysaccaridosis

17
Q

What types of Spina Bifida are there?

A

Occulta- Can’t see on the outside

Cystica - with a cyst

18
Q

Occulta (Spina bifida)

A

Limited to the vertrbra

usually spinous process

19
Q

Cystica (spina bifida)

A

Meninges only - meningocoele

Meninges & spinal cord- Meningomyelocoele

20
Q
  • Abnormal curvature of the spine
  • Number of vertebra varies
  • Morphological variation- did not develop correctly
A

Congenital Scoliosis

21
Q

Premature closure of the sutures of the skull

A

Craniostenosis

22
Q

Oxycephaly

A

All sutures are closed - symmetrical

23
Q

Plagiocephaly

A

Sutures close asymmetrical

24
Q

Scaphocephaly

A

Sagittal sutures close prematurely - long narrow cranium

25
Q

Acrocephaly

A

Coronal sutures close - shorten wide cranium

26
Q

Absence of limbs

A

Amelia

27
Q

Absence or reduction of proximal limb

A

Phocomelia

28
Q

Absence or reduction of distal part of limb

A

Meromelia

29
Q

Fusion of lower limb

A

Sympodia (mermaid syndrome)

30
Q

Duplication of distal part of limbs- Can be addition of hands & feet

A

Dichiria

31
Q

Presence of extra digits

A

Polydactyly

32
Q

Fusion of digits or digit

A

Syndactyly