Exam 3: Chapter 8: Perception Interventions

Question 1

What Are Perceptions?

-_________ interpretations of people, things, and events within your world.

Answer 1

Cognitive

Question 2

Selective Awareness

• Choose to focus on the _______ rather than the _______ in a situation.
• Realize that there is both good and bad in every situation.
• Choose a ________ physiological and psychological response.

Answer 2

positive, negative

positive

Question 3

Concepts of Perspective and Selective Awareness

• Put minor stressors into perspective.
• Focus on the _______ aspects of the current situation, don’t deny ______.
• Develop an “attitude of _______.”
• Learn to be grateful for what you have, while not ignoring reality.
• Recall good events of each day.

Answer 3

positive, negative

gratitude

Question 4

The phrase “_____ _____” means “Seize the Day.”

Answer 4

Carpe Diem

Question 5

_________ of ________: Focusing on things which to be grateful.

Answer 5

Attitude of gratitude

Question 6

Humor and Stress Relationship

• Humor can be an effective means of coping with stress.
• Humor results in psychological and physiological changes leading to _______.
• Humor has been shown to improve the health of the elderly and has been used as ______.
• Humor also can be used inappropriately, causing distress to others.

Answer 6

relaxation

therapy

Question 7

Personality Behavior Patterns

• Two types
• Type __: behavior that exhibits no free-floating hostility or sense of time urgency, opposite of Type __.
• Type __: characterized by competitive drive, aggressiveness, impatience, time urgency, and free-floating hostility.

Answer 7

Type B, opposite of type A

Type A

Question 8

Interesting Research

• A study of nurses and teachers shows that Type __’s tend to experience more job stress.
• Type __ hospital employees had more health problems.
• There appears to be a relationship between anger/hostility and _______ ______ disease.

Answer 8

Type A’s

Type A

Coronary heart

Question 9

Self-Esteem and Stress Management

• ____-______ is how you regard yourself.
• Poor self-esteem is related to drug abuse, irresponsible sexual behavior, and other unhealthy activities.
• Can be affected by treatment by others; how we are judged affects how we feel about ourselves.

Answer 9

Self-esteem

Question 10

True or false:

-Poor self-esteem may lead to the development of stress-related illnesses.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Increasing Self-Esteem

“One important key to success is self-confidence. An important key to self-confidence is preparation.” - Arthur Ashe

Preparation –> Self-Confidence –> ______

Answer 11

Success

Question 12

Locus of Control

• Perception of the amount of personal control you have over events in your life.
  1) ______ locus of control: perception that one has little control over these events
  2) _______ locus of control: perception that one has a good deal of control over life events
• Those with external locus take [more/less?] action to control their lives because they believe such action is fruitless.
• People can have good locus of control in one area of life and not in another.

Answer 12

External
Internal

less

Question 13

________ _______ deficiency (CCPD): The belief that one is either victim of circumstances or the master of circumstances, each of which is erroneous.

Answer 13

Cocreator perception deficiency

Question 14

_______: An unrealistic fear resulting in physiological arousal and behaviors to avoid or escape the stimulus.

Answer 14

Anxiety

Question 15

______ anxiety: anxiety that is either temporary in nature or specific to a particular stimulus.

Answer 15

state anxiety

Question 16

_____ anxiety: a general sense of anxiety not specific to a particular stimulus.

Answer 16

trait

Question 17

_____ disorder: a condition in which feelings of terror arise from unrealistic fear, resulting in symptoms such as feeling numb, sweaty, weak, and faint.

Answer 17

Panic

Question 18

______ phobia: overwhelming fear and excessive self-consciousness in everyday situations; a chronic fear of being watched by others and not performing well.
-Example: fear of public speaking.

Answer 18

Social phobia

Question 19

Coping Techniques

• Environmental planning.
• Relabeling (selective awareness concept – focus on positive).
• Self-talk.
• Thought stopping (shut off negative thoughts).
• ABCDE technique.
• Ellis theorizes that anxiety is a function of irrational beliefs.
• Need for cognitive restructuring (Rational Emotive Therapy – RET).

Answer 19

Yuh.

Question 20

_______ technique: a method of coping with anxiety that consists of examining irrational beliefs.

Answer 20

ABCDE

Question 21

Hardiness

• People who are hardy have the “3 C’s” – (Suzanne Kobasa research).
  1) _________ – true involvement of oneself in whatever one is doing.
  2) _______ – believe and act that you can influence course of events.
  3) ________ – change happens and stimulates personal growth (change viewed as a challenge vs. a threat).

Answer 21

3 Cs

1) Commitment
2) Control
3) Challenge

Question 22

Hardiness

*Hardy people are able to better withstand the onslaught of _______.

• Physiological Hardiness.
• Become ___ less often from stressors.
• Psychological Hardiness.
• Have [more/less?] psychological distress, less drama.
• Social Hardiness.
• Increased happiness and adjustment, social support system, and happier marriages.

Answer 22

stressors

ill

less