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fundamentals of nursing > exam 3: chapter 41 (fluid and electrolytes) > Flashcards

exam 3: chapter 41 (fluid and electrolytes) Flashcards

1
Q

total body water is __ to __ of body weight

A

50%; 60%

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2
Q

__ (ICF/ECF) is fluid w/in cells

A

ICF

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3
Q

ICF makes __ (70%/30%)

A

70%

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4
Q

__ (ICF/ECF) is fluid outside cells

A

ECF

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5
Q

__ (ICF/ECF) makes up __ (70%/30%) and includes __ and __ fluids

A

ECF; 30%; intravascular; interstitial

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6
Q

normal value for sodium (na) electrolytes

A

135-145 mEq/L

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7
Q

normal values for potassium (k)

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

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8
Q

normal values for calcium (ca)

A

8.6-10.2 mg/dL

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9
Q

normal values for magnesium (mg)

A

1.3-2.3 mEq/L

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10
Q

fluid volume deficit can either be __ or __ of electrolytes

A

volume; distribution

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11
Q

__ (hypovolemia/dehydration/third-space fluid shift) is deficiency in amount of water and electrolytes in ECF with near-normal water/electrolyte proportions

A

hypovolemia

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12
Q

__ (hypovolemia/dehydration/third-space fluid shift) is the distributional shift of body fluids into potential body spaces

A

third-space fluid shift

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13
Q

__ (hypovolemia/dehydration/third-space fluid shift) is decreased volume of water and electrolyte change

A

dehydration

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14
Q

water loss = sodium loss is indicative of (hypotonic/isotonic/hypertonic) dehydration

A

isotonic

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15
Q

vomiting and diarrhea are causes of __ (isotonic/hypotonic/hypertonic) dehydration

A

isotonic

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16
Q

a cbc is used for __

A

isotonic dehydration

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17
Q

expected sodium levels (mEq/L) are between:

A

130-150

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18
Q

if sodium loss is greater than water loss, this is __ (isotonic/hypotonic/hypertonic)

A

hypotonic

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19
Q

if there is more sodium inside the cells than outside, with fluid being pushed into the cells, this is called __ (isotonic/isonatremic/hyponatremic)

A

hyponatremic

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20
Q

severe, prolonged vomiting and diarrhea, renal disease, burns, diluted formula, iv hypo electrolyte fluids are all causes of __ (isotonic/hypotonic/hypertonic) dehydration

A

hypotonic

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21
Q

expected sodium (mEq/L) for hyponatremia is:

22
Q

chem 10 and serum specific gravity is used for __

A

hyponatremic dehydration

23
Q

when water loss is less than sodium loss, and there is more na outside the cells than inside, this is called __ dehyrdration

A

hypertonic

24
Q

diabetes insipidus, concentrated formula, and iv hyperelectrolyte fluids are causes of __ dehydration

A

hypernatremic

25
the expected na (mEq/L) for hypernatremic dehydration is:
>150
26
a urinalysis and urine specific gravity is used for __
hypernatremia
27
__ (hypervolemia/overhydration/edema/interstitial-to-plasma-shift) is excessive retention of water and sodium in ECF
hypervolemia
28
__ (hypervolemia/overhydration/edema/interstitial-to-plasma-shift) is excessive ECF accumulates in interstitial spaced and tissue expansion
edema
29
__ (hypervolemia/overhydration/edema/interstitial-to-plasma-shift) is above-normal amounts of water in extracellular spaces
overhydration
30
__ (hypervolemia/overhydration/edema/interstitial-to-plasma-shift) is movement of fluid from space surrounding cells to blood
interstitial-to-plasma-shift
31
the most abundant electrolyte in the ECF is __ (na/mg/ca/k)
na
32
__ (na/mg/k/ca) controls h20 distribution
na
33
a loss or gain of __ (na/mg/ca/k) means a loss/gain of h2o
na
34
__ (hypernatremia/hyponatremia) is related to: - severe vomiting, diarrhea - excessive sweating - water intoxication - diuretics
hyponatremia
35
the pt is confused, hypotensive, feels nauseous and is vomiting, and complains of muscle weakness and cramps. their sodium levels are 115 mEq/L. later on, she is lethargic, has muscle twicthing, and hemiparesis. what do they have?
hypontremia
36
a pt is having seizures and is at risk for permanent neuro damage. what nursing intervention must the nurse implicate? select all that apply. - push IV - encourage foods with na - na replacement - monitor na+ level and specific gravity - hypertonic iv fluids - 0.9%NS, 3%NS - H2O restriction - seizure precautions if severe
- encourage foods with na - na replacement - monitor na+ level and specific gravity - hypertonic iv fluids - 0.9%NS, 3%NS - H2O restriction - seizure precautions if severe
37
__ (hyponatremia/hypernatremia) is related to na gain/loss and lack of fluids, diarrhea, and burns
hypernatremia
38
a pt is very thirsty (major symptom). she complains of restlessness, weakness, dry sticky mucous membranes, and has a fever. when talking to the nurse, she seemed disoriented, and reported having delusions and hallucinations. The pt is tachycardic and has postural hypotension. What does the pt have?
hypernatremia
39
neurologic impairment - brain damage - is a sign of hypernatremia. true or false.
true
40
the pt is very thirsty, has tachycardia, and postural hypotension. How would you treat them?
- iv fluids with low/no na (D5W; 0.45%NS, 0.225%NS) - restrict na - monitor na and specific gravity - diuretics
41
the major intracellular electrolyte is __ (na/mg/k/ca)
k
42
__ (na/mg/ca/k) stimulates nerve cells and muscle function
k
43
cardiac conduction is related to potassium. true or false.
true
44
with k, imbalances can occur __ (slowly/quickly)
quickly
45
small shifts DO NOT have a significant impact with potassium. true or false.
false
46
a pt comes in with muscle weakness, leg cramps, and paresthesias (numb.tingling). they also have dysrhythmias and irregular pulses. what does the pt have? (hypernatremia/hyponatremia/hypokalemia/hyperkalemia)
hypokalemia
47
how would you treat a pt with hypokalemia?
- replace k+ (<40 mEq/L in 1L IV bag, bolus) - NEVER GIVE IV PUSH - IV irritates veins - mixed by pharmacy
48
a pt complains of muscle weakness and is at risk for paralysis and cardiac dysrhythmias. What does the pt have?
hyperkalemia
49
a pt has mild hyperkalemia (<6 mEq/L). what is the appropriate nursing intervention? a. insulin and dextrose b. dialysis c. stop K intake or K-sparing meds d. give IV push
c. stop K intake or K-sparing meds
50
a pt has severe hyperkalemia. what are the appropriate nursing interventions to treat it? select all that apply. a. sodium bicarb b. stop k intake c. dialysis d. na polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate) oral or enema e. insulin and dextrose
a, c, d, and e
51
cardiac conduction nerve impulse control blood clotting muscle contraction b12 absorption are all r/t __ (na/ca/mg/k)
ca

fundamentals of nursing (17 decks)

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