EXAM 3 chapter 24 material Flashcards
Carbon: 4 group geometry
tetrahedral
Carbon: 3 group geometry
trigonal planar
Carbon: 2
linear
Heteroatoms:
atoms other than C or H
EN=
electronegativity difference
pie bonds:
C=C, -CTriple, and C=O
Functional groups are (identical/different) to the same functional group
identical
Acyclic alkanes contain only _ and _ in ____ covalent bonds (no rings), and all carbons are __ hybridized
SP3
Cyclic alkanes contain only C and H in single covalent bonds, at least one ring.
absorb
Rotation about single bonds is relatively unhindered in ____ alkanes but not in ____ alkanes
acyclic
cyclic
Primary carbon:
Quaternary Carbon:
Secondary Carbon:
Tertiary Carbon
bonded to one other C atom
Bonded to four other C atoms
Bonded to two other C atoms
Bonded to three other C atoms
Geometric isomers have the ____ molecular formula and bond connectivity but differ from each other in the spatial _____ of groups
same
arrangement
They result of ______ _____ around bonds
restricted rotation
Cis means
that the two heavier groups (like methyl) are on the same side as opposed to trans which means different sides
Aromatic hydrocarbons exhibit
cyclical structure and excessive delocalized multiple bonding (ie benzene)
o=ortho=
1,2 Benzene
m= meta=
1,3 Benzene
p= para=
1,4 Benzene
• generally non-polar
• soluble in organic solvents
• insoluble in water
• boiling point and melting point increase with chain
length due to increased intermolecular forces
These are _____ properties of hydrocarbons
physical
Alkanes relatively unreactive (commonly used as
solvents in organic reactions) Alkenes, alkynes, and benzene more reactive.
(Reactivity linked to double and triple bonds)
These are chemical properties of hydrocarbons
