exam 3 chapter 17

Question 1

monotremes

Answer 1

small group of egg laying animals

have one comma urinary, defecatory and reproductive duct called cloaca

platypus and echidnas

Question 2

marsupials

Answer 2

give birth to undeveloped young

possums, kangaroos, koalas

embryo develops within a placenta in the mother uterus

born early in development

completes development while nursing in a material such called a marsupium

Question 3

eutherians (placentals)

Answer 3

infants complete their embryonic development within uterus and fully developed

have a longer gestation period than marsupials

complete embryonic development within the uterus joined to the mother by a placenta

primates belong here

Question 4

primates

Answer 4

lemurs, monkeys, ape (humans are a part of apes)

1. large brain short jaw
2. forward looking elves close together providing deep perception
3. complex social behavior and parental care
4. full opposable thumbs (monkey and apes) for grasping

Question 5

humans have a ____ brain and ______ locomotion

Answer 5

larger, bipedal

Question 6

Homo sapiens

Answer 6

200,000 yrs old (young)

humas v apes

1. upright posture and bipedal locomotion
2. larger brain, language capabilities and symbolic thought
3. manufacture and use of complex tools
4. shorten jaw and shorter digestive tract

Question 7

paleoanthroplogy

Answer 7

study of human origins and has provided insight into the links between us and our primitive ancestors

primitive ansectors, chimp, existed 708 mil yrs ago

using fossil evidence we have now learnt about a taxonomical group called hominins (missing link between our primitive ancestors and modern humans)

Question 8

hominins

Answer 8

most recent ancestors are more closely related to humans than chimps
anout 20 species have been discovered

originated in africa about 6-7 mil yrs agi

common misconception: thinking about them as chimps

Question 9

australopiths

Answer 9

hominins living between 4-2 mil yrs ago

some walked fully erect

olderest evidence of tool use, cut marks on animal bones (2.5 mil yrs old)

homonins began to walk long distanced on two legs 1.9 mil yrs ago

Question 10

homo ergaster

Answer 10

first fully bupedal, larger brained hominid

shows significant decrease in sexual dimorphism (difference in size of sexes) compared to ancestors

Question 11

homo erectus

Answer 11

originated in africa 1.8 mil years ago

first hominin to leave africa

Question 12

neanderthals (homo neanderthalenis)

Answer 12

200,000-40,000 yrs ago

closely related to modern humans (99.7 % DNA)

lived in europe and asia

became extinct 40,000 yrs ago

thick boned w larger brains

contributed to DNA of modern humans by interbreeding some 60,000 yrs ago

low surface to volume ratio, shorter legs and bigger body

buried dead and made hunting tools