Exam 3 chapter 16 Flashcards

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1
Q

when does sentencing happen?

A

after conviction, before punishment

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2
Q

internal causes

A

personality or free choice

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3
Q

external causes

A

powerful situational or environmental forces

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4
Q

two dimensions of perceived cause

A

controllability and stability

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5
Q

controllability

A

refers to whether to not a behavior appears to have been under the control of the person

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6
Q

stability

A

whether the cause of a behavior appears to be temporary (unstable) or permanent (stable)

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7
Q

crimes that are ____, less _____, and _____ may get more ____

A

1) external
2) controllable
3) sympathy

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8
Q

_____ and _____ younger ____ receive ____ sentences

A

hispanic
black
males
harsher

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9
Q

sentencing guidelines

A

list factors that are considered when determining a sentence

ex: type of crime, viciousness of crime, prior criminal record, circumstances of the crime, average sentences of similar crimes

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10
Q

determinate sentencing

A

requires judges to hand down a sentence that falls within a prespecified range if a defendant is found guilty of a particular rime

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11
Q

sentencing reform act of 1984

A

judges, lawyers, and legislators comission was established to develip sentenicing guidelines

critics say that its unnecesairly complex and rigid

requires judges to consult a grid

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12
Q

United states v booker 05

A

allowed for some flexibility in using the federal guidelines

guidelines are now advisory not mandatory

increased racial disparity in sentencing

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13
Q

three strikes laws

A

criminals recieve a life sentence when convicted of a third felony

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14
Q

parole

A

releasing inmates from prison under supervision of a parole officer before their entire sentence has been served

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15
Q

probation

A

withholding a prison sentence and releasing the criminal to be supervised by a probation officer in the community

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16
Q

jails

A

short-term holding cells operated by cities or counties and administered by local authorities. sometimes used for misdemeanors

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17
Q

prisons

A

hold convicted criminals for long periods of time

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18
Q

federal prisons

A

people who break federal law

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19
Q

club feds

A

nonviolent drug charges and white collar crime. few fences, guards, and cellblocks. few restrictions

20
Q

supermax prisons

A

serious criminals or those with behaviorial problems

21
Q

ashker v brown, 2014

A

restricted the use of extreme isolation to a 5 year limit

22
Q

goals if inprisonment

A

incapacitation, deterrence, retribution, rehab

23
Q

the 1800s

A

wanted to rehab, built prisons in NY and Philadelphia, society also caused crime, prisons were very bad

24
Q

the 1900s

A

used the medical model, lots of brutality, prison rights, victims movement shifted focus away from offenders, tough on crime policies

25
Q

procunier v martinez 74

A

rights of prisoners to recieve mail and to use law students to examine their cases

26
Q

rhodes v chapman 81

A

not going to fix the inhumane conditions, it wasnt cruel and unusual

27
Q

wilson v seiter 91

A

have to be inhumane and would need to show deliberate indifference ot conditions to be considered cruel and unusual

28
Q

farmer v brennan 94

A

inmates are required to prove subjective recklessness on the part of prison officials

29
Q

brown v plata 2011

A

found egregious violations of constitutional rights to recieve mental and physical health treatments in Cali due to overcrowding

30
Q

five states with the highest rates of incarceration

A

oklahoma, louisiana, mississippi, georgia, alabama

31
Q

longer sentencing, ________ _______, 3 strike laws, and _____ _____ _____ lead to ____ rates of imprisonment

A

1) mandatory sentencing
2)reductions in parole
3) increased

32
Q

black men are incarcerated ____ more than white men

A

six times

33
Q

____ of convicts are convicted of violent crimes. ___ are convicted of drug, property, public order, or other crimes

A

55%
45%

34
Q

____ are male
____ of female prisoners are in for violent offenses

A

93%
38%

35
Q

prisonization

A

assimilation of new inmates into the values, norms, and languages of the prison

36
Q

prison officials can give ____ ____ prisoners better work assignments while ____ inmates can be locked in their cells or put in solitary. other inmates can provides rewards in the form of _____ and ____ or punishment in the form of ____ and violence

A

1) well behaved
2) uncooperative
3) camaraderie and protection
4) intimidation

37
Q

convict code

A

informal system of rules and norms for inmates
emphasizes no snitching

38
Q

a single murder costs more than

A

1 million

39
Q

accelerated aging

A

prisoners serving longer sentences experience health problems associated with old age 15 years earlier

40
Q

criminogenic effect

A

increases the likelihood of subsequent criminal behavior. fosters antisocial behaviors, connects them to criminal networks, and makes it difficult to get a job

41
Q

temporary leave

A

inmates permitted to leave prison for a day to do rehab activities or family stuff, reduces recidivism

42
Q

house arrest

A

electronic monitoring

43
Q

residential community centers (halfway houses)

A

communal environment, group therapy, for those that need structure

44
Q

A lot of prisoners come from disadvantaged backgrounds: approximately _____ of prisoners have at least one family member who has been incarcerated, and over _____ of prisoners have not completed high school.

A

1) 40
2) 65

45
Q
A