Exam 3 chapter 16 Flashcards
when does sentencing happen?
after conviction, before punishment
internal causes
personality or free choice
external causes
powerful situational or environmental forces
two dimensions of perceived cause
controllability and stability
controllability
refers to whether to not a behavior appears to have been under the control of the person
stability
whether the cause of a behavior appears to be temporary (unstable) or permanent (stable)
crimes that are ____, less _____, and _____ may get more ____
1) external
2) controllable
3) sympathy
_____ and _____ younger ____ receive ____ sentences
hispanic
black
males
harsher
sentencing guidelines
list factors that are considered when determining a sentence
ex: type of crime, viciousness of crime, prior criminal record, circumstances of the crime, average sentences of similar crimes
determinate sentencing
requires judges to hand down a sentence that falls within a prespecified range if a defendant is found guilty of a particular rime
sentencing reform act of 1984
judges, lawyers, and legislators comission was established to develip sentenicing guidelines
critics say that its unnecesairly complex and rigid
requires judges to consult a grid
United states v booker 05
allowed for some flexibility in using the federal guidelines
guidelines are now advisory not mandatory
increased racial disparity in sentencing
three strikes laws
criminals recieve a life sentence when convicted of a third felony
parole
releasing inmates from prison under supervision of a parole officer before their entire sentence has been served
probation
withholding a prison sentence and releasing the criminal to be supervised by a probation officer in the community
jails
short-term holding cells operated by cities or counties and administered by local authorities. sometimes used for misdemeanors
prisons
hold convicted criminals for long periods of time
federal prisons
people who break federal law