Exam 3 chapter 12 Flashcards
trayvon martin
17, holding a bag of skittles, was followed, shot by police, zimmerman went on trial not found guilty by 6 ww and 1 hispanic, judge didnt allow voice analysis experts to testify
mathematical model of decision making (meter model)
pieces of evidence presented are represented as numerical weights that shift the mental meter in one direction or the other. not realistic
story model of decision making
jurors create stores to make sense of the evidence presented at trial. Need to complete the motivations and other events to complete the story. they select the verdict that best fits with the story they constructed
the ____ of the relevant evidence is the ____ predictor of a jury verdict
1) strength
2) best
liberation hypothesis
in most trials, the verdicts are determined by the compelling evidence. however, where the evidence is ambiguous, jurors dont use it so much. theyll base their decision on past experiences, beliefs, and prejudices
people who fit criminal stereotypes are treated ____ _____ than someone who doesn’t fit the stereotype
more harshly
inadmissible evidence
information that might be prejudicial
ironic processes
when we make an effort not to think about something, the thing usually dominates our thoughts
reactance theory
people are motivated to maintain thier freedom, the judge telling them to ignore evidence seems to threaten that
even though a piece of evidence is legally ____, jurors ___ use the info if they feel like it ____ them to make the right decisoion
1) inadmissible
2) will
3) helps
impeachment evidence
meant to damage the credibility of a witness
when the testimony is ____, its only persuasive if the credentials are strong
complex
The presence of ____ jurors motivated ____ jurors to moderate their ____ ____ during deliberation
1) black
2) white
3) racial biases
strong jurors
jurors who seem to have a disproportionate influence on the deliberation process
leniency bias
in evenly split, its more likely that the final verdict will be lenient
verdict driven style
immediately taking a vote after deliberations start rather than orienting the discussion around the verdict options
evidence driven style
the first vote is postponed until after they discuss the evidence
postponing the vote procedures produces ____ ______ _____ because people aren’t worried about defending their position after the first vote
more probing discussions
informational inlfuence
they change their opinions because other jurors make compelling arguments
normative influence
give into group pressure
in punitive decisions, _____ is used. In decisions like how much fines should be awarded, _____ is used
1) informational
2) normative
hung juries
groups that don’t reach a unanimous verdict and never reach reconciliation
stages in the deliberation process
orientation, open conflict, reconciliation
the 3 most vocal people use about ____ of the deliberation time
50%
______ of the deliberation time is devoted to _____
70-75%
evidence
williams v florida 70
armed robbery, convicted by a 6 person jury, supreme court ruled that it was permissible
ballew v gerogia 78
5 person juries are too small, 6 person is the minimum
however, their findings were wrong, larger juries are better
burch v louisana
if 6 ppl are used, decisions have to be unanimous
___ states now require unanimity in misdemeanors, ____ require it in felony cases, ____ required in murder
26
44
always
dynamite charge
breaks the deadlock in hung juries, asked to reexamine their opinions
jury nullification
base thier verdicts on reasoning that ignores, disregards, or goes beyond the law
judges almost never say they can do this
moderate reformers
we have a good system
like allowing jurors to take notes during. trials
radical reformers
believe the system is badly broken and have called for big reforms
like replacing juries with a panel of judges
preinstructions
before trial begins, reading instructions to the jurors so they can think on it while they hear the evidence
allowing jury discussion during trial
could help correct misunderstandings prior to formal deliberations, isnt found to impact the outcome of the trial
judges as decision makers
still affected by inadmissible evidence
personal characteristics affect them
when juries and judges disagree, juries are more lenient, but they agree most of the time
which states require judges to preinstruct juries?
arizona, Colorado, indiana
