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Intro to Psychology > Exam 3 (Ch. 10-11) > Flashcards

Exam 3 (Ch. 10-11) Flashcards

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1
Q

Stress

A

the psychological and physical response to a stimulus that alters the body’s equilibrium

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2
Q

stressor

A

-a stimulus that throws the body’s equilibrium out of balance
-2 types: chronic and acute

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3
Q

the 3 parts of the stress over time graph

A

alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion

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4
Q

describe the stress over time graph

A

stress resistance dips in alarm reaction, rises and steadies in resistance and dips in exhaustion as time goes on

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5
Q

low arousal=

A

weak performance

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6
Q

high arousal=

A

weak performance due to anxiety

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7
Q

arousal

A

interest in activity

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8
Q

first 2 stages of sleep

A

1: transition from alpha waves to theta activity
2:characterized by appearance of sleep spindles and K-complexes

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9
Q

slow wave sleep (SWS)

A

-occurs about 15-20 min after stage 2
-transitions to REM 90 minutes after SWS

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10
Q

rapid eye movement sleep(REM)

A

-occurs 90 mins after SWS
-desynchronized theta and vivid narrative based dreams occur

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11
Q

REM phases get longer the…

A

longer you sleep

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12
Q

functions of SWS

A

-restoration of the brain

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13
Q

sleep deprivation (specifically SWS)

A

cognitive deficits

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14
Q

functions of REM sleep

A

-rebound phenomenon suggests need for REM sleep
-protects consolidation

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15
Q

who investigated dreaming? what 2 ideas did he study ?

A

Freud
manifest content and latent content

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16
Q

the 4 main sleep disorders (dyssomnias)

A

-insomnia
-conditioned insomnia
-idiopathic insomnia
-hypersomnia

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17
Q

insomnia (dyssomnias)

A

-inability to fall asleep
-sleeping pills can help get you to sleep it will not be deep and you will feel unrested

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18
Q

conditioned insomnia (dyssomnias)

A

results from association and conditioning

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19
Q

idiopathic insomnia (dyssomnias)

A

caused by neurophysiological abnormality

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20
Q

hypersomnia (dyssomnias)

A

-excessive sleepiness
-tired even after a lot of sleep

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21
Q

sleep disorder: narcolepsy

A

-neurodegenerative disorder
-sleep attacks (unpredictable)
-cataplexy (loss of muscle control)
-hallucination before and after sleep
-intense dreaming

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22
Q

hypnagogic hallucinations

A

-hallucinations that occur before sleep

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23
Q

hypnopompic hallucinations

A

-hallucinations that occur before waking up and after sleep

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24
Q

2 types of parasomnia sleeping disorders

A

-REM sleep behavior disorder
-slow wave sleep disorders

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25
Q

REM sleep behavior disorder (parasomnia sleeping disorders)

A

-acts out contents of dreams

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26
Q

slow wave sleep disorders (parasomnia sleeping disorders)

A

-bedwetting (common for kids in transition to potty training)
-night terrors (common for kids, rare in adults)
-sleep walking (walking and talking or just one of the 2)

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27
Q

alcohol

A

-depressant and decreases inhibitions
-affects several neurotransmitters
-prolonged repeated use leads to major health problems

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28
Q

determinants of alcoholism

A

-genetic susceptibility
-culture
-self esteem

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29
Q

marijuana

A

-stimulates cortex and hippocampus
-depressant and mild hallucinations
-leads to poor attention and memory
-not physiologically addictive but psychologically addictive

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30
Q

what reduces the side effects of chemotherapy

A

marijuana

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31
Q

stimulants

A

-amphetamines and cocaine
-increases alertness and elevates mood
-low after high

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32
Q

hallucinogens

A

-change perception, thinking, and self awareness
-interferes with serotonin
-effects depend on amount, setting, and personality
-bad trips and flashbacks
-not addictive

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33
Q

the 2 types of coping

A

problem solving and emotional focused

34
Q

problem solving coping

A

-finding ways to deal with the issue

35
Q

emotional focused coping

A

-not directly addressing the problem but handling the negative sides of the stress
-sharing your problems with others (social support)

36
Q

poor coping strategies

A

-avoidance
-thought suppression
-aggression
-drugs and alcohol

37
Q

the 3 types of internal conflicts

A

-approach approach conflict
-avoidance avoidance conflict
-approach- avoidance conflict

38
Q

approach approach conflict

A

-having to decide between 2 good things
-there is no “bad” choice in this scenario

39
Q

approach avoidance conflict

A

choice that ahs positive and negative outcomes

40
Q

avoidance avoidance conflict

A

choices that are both bad, but you have to pick one

41
Q

the 4 d’s of psychological disorders

A

-deviance (statistically rare, not general in the population)
-distress (does behavior cause stress for the person)
-dysfunction
-danger (is behavior causing danger to yourself or others)

42
Q

how we talk about mental health (to make the person feel better)

A

person first language rather than disability first language

43
Q

schizophrenia

A

-interferes with daily activities
-diminished sustained attention
-may end up homeless

44
Q

3 types schizophrenia

A

-disorganized
-catatonic
-paranoid

45
Q

disorganized schizophrenia

A

-disorganized thoughts and word salad

46
Q

catatonic schizophrenia

A

-physical rigidity and flat affect
-no matching of emotions to moment

47
Q

paranoid schizophrenia

A

-hallucinations and delusions
-seeing or experiencing something that doesn’t exist
-something following you (shadow people)

48
Q

delusions

A

-something there but your mind makes a story that dramatizes it

49
Q

manic episode (bipolar disorder)

A

-impulsively doing something while under stress

50
Q

depressive episode

A

-extreme sadness and lack of interest
-higher rate for women than men
-more common overall than manic episodes

51
Q

major depressive disorder

A

-includes suicidal behaviors: thoughts, plans, and attempts
-sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, loss of focus, and irritability

52
Q

Sad Persons

A

S- male sex
A- age (9-45)
D- depression
P- previous attempt
E- ethanol abuse:
R- rational thinking lost
S- social support lacking
O- organized plan
N- no spouse
S- sickness

53
Q

anxiety disorder in general

A

-most common psychological disorders in the US
-anxiety is problematic when it disrupts your daily life

54
Q

agoraphobia

A

-fear of open spaces

55
Q

symptoms of generalized anxiety disorders

A

-restless, on edge
-easily fatigued
-difficulty focusing
-irritable
-aches
-sleep problems

56
Q

claustrophobia

A

-fear of closed spaces

57
Q

social phobia

A

fear of social situations and evaluation

58
Q

nomophobia

A

-being without a phone

59
Q

how to help specific phobias

A

-systematic desensitization

60
Q

obsessions

A

-recurrent unwanted and intrusive thoughts, fears, urges, or images

61
Q

compulsions

A

-behaviors in response to an obsession
-ex. repetitive handwashing

62
Q

hoarding disorder

A

-difficulty getting rid of useless things
-results in excessive accumulation

63
Q

disorders can be produced from __ and __

A

trauma and stress

64
Q

trauma

A

emotional experience to something shocking or dangerous

65
Q

stress

A

reaction to life demands

66
Q

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

-witnessing a traumatic event
-ex. war, natural disorder, crime, etc.

67
Q

general dissociative disorders (positive symptoms)

A

feeling of separation or dislocation from ones body or the world

68
Q

general dissociative disorders (negative symptoms)

A

loss of memory or mental function, identity, or emotion

69
Q

general somatic symptom and related disorders

A

-intense focus on symptoms of physical illness or pain
-may experience real symptoms of illness or injury, but there is no medical explanation

70
Q

general somatic disorder used to be known as

A

hypochondriasis

71
Q

binge eating disorders (bulimia nervosa)

A

-recent but most common eating disorder
-cant stop eating and consume large food quantities
-feel very guilty about overeating

72
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

-strong fear of gaining weight
-purging to control weight

73
Q

general elimination disorders (2)

A

-enuresis: elimination or urine
-encopresis: elimination of feces
in places other than a toilet

74
Q

general sexual dysfuntion

A

-sensitive topic
-probably more prevalent that current estimates due to underreporting
-sexual problems affect both men and women of all ages

75
Q

general personality disorders

A

-drastically different characteristics, beliefs, and behaviors

76
Q

sociopath

A

-most common personality disorder
-mistrustful, no sense of guilt, not sociable

77
Q

narcissistic

A

-prideful and bragful

78
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

-mistrustful i relationships and in general
-elements of bipolar disorder

79
Q

2 main disorders that affect sex

A

-paraphilia
-fetishtic disorder

80
Q

paraphilia

A

-strong, persistent sexual interest in a typical object, situation, or behaviors
-sexual urges for objects equal to or greater than the actual intercourse

81
Q

fetishistic disorder

A

-sexual arousal and gratification depend on nonliving objects and specific body parts

82
Q

gender dysphoria

A

-psychological distress that results from incongruence between sex assigned and ones gender identity

Intro to Psychology (4 decks)

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