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Psy 155 > exam 3: adolescence & early adulthood > Flashcards

exam 3: adolescence & early adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

what are the risk factors for early development among girls?

A

unwanted attention, teasing
- increased risk for depression, eating disorders, early sexual activity, & substance abuse

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2
Q

what are the risk factors for early development among boys?

A

more athletic, taller
- increased risk for substance abuse & sexual activity

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3
Q

what are the risk factors for late development among girls?

A

teasing, bullying
- positive outcomes for them rather than early developers

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4
Q

what are the risks factors for late development among boys?

A

bullying, depression

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5
Q

did the percentage of sexual intercourse decrease or increase? if so, what were the percentages?

A

yes from 54% to 38%

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6
Q

before age 13, what was the percentage of sexual intercourse?

A

decreased from 10.2% to 3%

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7
Q

if they had four or more partners, what was the percentage of sexual intercourse?

A

decreased from 18% to 8%

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8
Q

those who are currently active, what was the percentage of those in sexual intercourse?

A

decreased from 37% to 27%

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9
Q

those who used condoms, what was the percentage?

A

increased from 46% to 54%

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10
Q

what was the percentage to those who did not use a method to prevent pregnancy

A

decreased from 16% to 11%

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11
Q

T/F? early-maturing boys initially had lower levels of depression than later-maturing boys

A

true
-they also show signs of increased anxiety, negative self-image and interpersonal stress

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12
Q

T/F? Gender differences increasing over the course of early adulthood

A

False. gender differences increase over the course of adolescence

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13
Q

T/F? are there higher rates of porn use among males

A

True

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14
Q

T/F? are there high levels of sexual behaviors and sexual intercourse with a friend among males

A

True

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15
Q

who reports higher and intentional pornography consumption?

A

more males than females

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16
Q

are early maturation and older age associated with higher pornography usage?

A

yes
- has been shown to have a secularizing effect

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17
Q

what related individual factor is affected during pornography use?

A

development in religiosity

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18
Q

T/F? vast majority of finds have higher pornography use during adolescence tend to relate to higher emotional and behavioral problems

A

True.
- mental health aspect

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19
Q

in religiosity, there are high levels of religiosity associated with lower levels of pornography use in adolescence

A

yes.

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20
Q

what are some myths about the hymen?

A

proof of virginity, breaks and bleeds during intercourse, & hymens are lost forever

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21
Q

about the hymen, what are some influences that can occur during a girls development?

A

limit of physical activities to not break hymen such as riding a bike
- “virginity checks” influencing their emotional development

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22
Q

define sexting

A

sexting is sending or receiving sexually explicit videos, photographs, or messages via mobile phone or digital device

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23
Q

define passive sexting

A

when asked, asking, or receiving sexually explicit videos/photos

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24
Q

define active sexting

A

creating, showing, posting, sending, or forwarding sexually explicit videos/ photos to a third party

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25
Q

who is more likely to report sexual activity?

A

adolescents who send texts have a higher likelihood rather than those who do not

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26
Q

T/F? adolescents may overestimate how often their popular peers engage in
sexting, which in turn increases their chance of engaging in sexting due to this misperception

A

true they are heavily influenced by the behavior of their popular peers

27
Q

define personal fable

A

their experiences are unique, bad things won’t happen to them

28
Q

does the limbic system develop after the prefrontal cortex?

A

no the limbic system develops years ahead of the prefrontal cortex

29
Q

what is the limbic system responsible for?

A

responsible for emotional processing
- rewards/ punishments

30
Q

what does the pubertal hormones target?

A

amygdala

31
Q

what is dopamine known for?

A

feel good chemical, involved in pleasure seeking & risk taking

32
Q

what is serotonin known for?

A

calming chemical, balances dopamine

33
Q

what does the prefrontal cortex do?

A

decision making, higher level cognition

34
Q

define myelination

A

increases information processing speed

35
Q

define synaptic pruning

A

strengthens strongest neural connections

36
Q

what are the risk factors for lack of sleep?

A

substance abuse, car accidents, weakened immune system, obesity, poor academic performances

37
Q

factors that may contribute to sleep deprivation

A

environmental and social factors such as work, hw, social media, & socializing

38
Q

T/F? their circadian rhythms change and push back their sleep time until later in the evening

A

true as adolescents go through puberty

39
Q

T/F? does melatonin decrease later in the night during adolescence

A

False. it increases

40
Q

what are the risk factors associated for underage drinking?

A

no single casual explanation for alcohol or misuse, genes & family history, contextual factors (neighborhood, peers, media), social exclusion

41
Q

what are the gender differences in alcohol use?

A

the different motives for drinking of adolescent males and females
-Males may be more likely to drink as a response to social and enhancement motives than girls.
-Females may be more likely to drink as a form of coping

42
Q

what are you most likely to experience if you underage drink?

A

school, social, legal, physical problems as well as disruption of normal growth or sexual development

43
Q

high present exploration with high present commitment?

A

identity achievement

44
Q

low exploration with high present commitment?

A

identity foreclosure

45
Q

high present exploration with low absent commitment?

A

identity moratorium

46
Q

low absent exploration with low absent commitment?

A

identity diffusion

47
Q

define mere exposure effect

A

the more often we are exposed to a stimulus, more likely we are to find them attractive

48
Q

define propinquity

A

closeness in time & space

49
Q

define exchange & equity theory

A

suggests that relationships are maintained through rewards

50
Q

what are some factors that contributes to attractions?

A

proximity, familiarity, similarity, and reciprocity

51
Q

define proximity

A

closeness in time & space

52
Q

define familiarity

A

increase in attractiveness to those we are most familiar with since we tend to feel safe around them

53
Q

define similarity

A

individuals who share the same belief and values, tend to find those more attractive

54
Q

reciprocity (self disclosure)

A

communication process that involves the act of revealing personal information about oneself to others

55
Q

T/F? turn taking self disclosure is linked with higher attraction on a date compared to sequential self disclosure `

A

True

56
Q

define misattribution of arousal

A

confuse emotions with arousal such as exercise, caffeine, alcohol consumption

57
Q

what are the four adult attachments?

A

secure, preoccupied, dismissive, & fearful

58
Q

define voluntary singles

A

those who are not currently not looking, no intention of getting married

59
Q

define involuntary singles

A

those who want to marry/remarry but have not found anyone
- incels: subgroup of involuntary singles

60
Q

define intimacy vs isolation

A

Intimacy involves caring about another and sharing one’s self without
losing one’s self

61
Q

T/F? intimacy is highly suggested before identity

A

false.
- According to Erikson, having some sense of identity is essential for intimate relationships

62
Q

what did the medical marijuana card study find?

A
  • increased the incidence and severity of cannabis use disorder (CUD) and resulted in no significant improvement in pain, anxiety, or depressive symptoms, but improved self-reported
    sleep quality.
63
Q

what are the three factors contributed to anxiety among teens?

A

social media use, academic stress, & economic stress

Psy 155 (4 decks)

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