Exam 3

Question 1

Drug resistance occurs

Answer 1

when antibiotics are used indiscriminately

Question 2

In which of the following diseases can gender be considered a viable predisposing factor?

Answer 2

urinary tract infections

Question 3

Polio is transmitted by ingestion of water contaminated with feces containing polio virus. What portal of entry does polio virus use?

Answer 3

mucous membranes only

Question 4

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) frequently work by

Answer 4

disrupting the plasma membrane

Question 5

The antimicrobial drugs with the broadest spectrum of activity are

Answer 5

tetracyclines

Question 6

All of the following are examples of entry via the parenteral route EXCEPT

Answer 6

hair follicle

Question 7

Symptoms of disease differ from signs of disease in that symptoms

Answer 7

are changes felt by the patient

Question 8

Which of the following antibiotics does NOT interfere with cell wall synthesis?

Answer 8

macrolides

Question 9

Which of the following antibiotics is recommended for use against gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 9

polymyxin

Question 10

Endotoxins are

Answer 10

part of the gram-negative cell wall

Question 11

Most pathogens that gain access through the skin

Answer 11

enter through hair follicles and sweat ducts

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a communicable disease?

Answer 12

tetanus

Question 13

An agent used to reduce the number of bacteria on a toilet would most accurately be called a(n)

Answer 13

disinfectant

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the pattern of microbial death?

Answer 14

The cells in a population die at a constant rate.

Question 15

In Table 20.2, the most effective antibiotic tested was

Answer 15

D

Question 16

Penicillin was considered a “miracle drug” for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Answer 16

it was the first antibiotic

Question 17

Which of the following is a limitation of the autoclave?

Answer 17

It cannot be used with heat-labile materials.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a reservoir of infection?

• a hospital
• a sick person
• a healthy person
• a sick animal
• None of the answers is correct; all of these can be reservoirs of infection.

Answer 18

None of the answers is correct; all of these can be reservoirs of infection.

Question 19

Most of the available antimicrobial agents are effective against

Answer 19

bacteria

Question 20

Which of the following does NOT achieve sterilization?

Answer 20

pasteurization

Question 21

Which of the following substances is used for surgical hand scrubs?

Answer 21

chlorhexidine

Question 22

The science that deals with when diseases occur and how they are transmitted is called

Answer 22

epidemiology

Question 23

Which of the following is the best method to sterilize heat-labile solutions?

Answer 23

membrane filtration

Question 24

To date, most of our natural antibiotics have been found to be produced by members of what genus?

Answer 24

Streptomyces

Question 25

A commensal bacterium

Answer 25

may also be an opportunistic pathogen

Question 26

Transient microbiota differ from normal microbiota in that transient microbiota

Answer 26

are present for a relatively short time

Question 27

Cytopathic effects are changes in host cells due to

Answer 27

viral infections

Question 28

Botulism is caused by ingestion of a proteinaceous exotoxin; therefore, it can easily be prevented by

Answer 28

boiling food prior to consumption

Question 29

Which of the following pairs of terms is mismatched?

Answer 29

bacteriostatic – kills vegetative bacterial cells

Question 30

Which of the following chemical agents is used for sterilization?

Answer 30

ethylene oxide

Question 31

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

Answer 31

epidemic: a disease that is constantly present across the world

Question 32

Which of the following antimicrobial agents is recommended for use against fungal infections?

Answer 32

amphotericin B

Question 33

A healthcare-associated infection (traditionally known as a nosocomial infection) is

Answer 33

acquired during the course of hospitalization

Question 34

Antibiotics can lead to septic shock if used to treat

Answer 34

gram-negative bacterial infections

Question 35

The most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens is the

Answer 35

mucous membranes of the respiratory tract

Question 36

Which of the following contributes to the virulence of a pathogen?

Answer 36

numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host, evasion of host defenses, and toxin production

Question 37

Which of the following methods is used to preserve food by slowing the metabolic processes of foodborne microbes?

Answer 37

freezing

Question 38

The ability of some microbes, such as Trypanosoma or Giardia to alter their surface molecules and evade destruction by the host's antibodies is called

Answer 38

antigenic variation

Question 39

Which concentration of ethanol is the most effective bactericide?

Answer 39

70 percent

Question 40

A needlestick is an example of

Answer 40

indirect contact transmission by fomite