Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BCS 151- Perception and Action > Exam #3 > Flashcards

Exam #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Spatial suppression

A

Increasingly difficult identification of motion direction with increasing size of moving stimulus (larger=harder to see)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Spatial summation vs suppression at different contrasts

A
  • Summation: low contrast

- Suppression: high contrast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

“Impaired” performance in spatial suppression

A
  • Seeing high contrast:
  • YA: “typical”, can’t see it, has high spatial suppression (bad)
  • Older adults, depression, SZ, autism: “impaired”, can see it, has less spatial suppression (good)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does TMS produce “virtual lesions”?

A

Temporarily removes “break” in MT (“turn off”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Suppression index

A

Large stimulus threshold- small stimulus threshold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is suppression critical for?

A

Perceptual processing

-we have A LOT of sensory input so we need to limit it (relevance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Levels of visual perception (3)

A
  1. Low level (simple visual sensations): V1
  2. Mid-level (basic visual properties): Extrastriate visual areas
  3. High-level (complete visual perception and recognition): Extrastriate visual areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Parietal pathway

A
  • Dorsal stream
  • “where”
  • action, how, spatial visual
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Temporal pathway

A
  • Ventral stream
  • “what”
  • perception, object recognition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ventral

A

Object perception and recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dorsal

A

Locations, directions, interaction with objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Partial lobe damage yields

A
  • Intact object perception

- Impaired “time/space” perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Temporal lobe damage

A
  • Impaired object perception

- Intact “time/space” perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Akinetopsia

A

Lose ability to perceive motion (pouring liquid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Visual neglect

A

Stroke interrupts blood flow to right parietal lobe, failure to acknowledge objects presented contralateral to lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Optic ataxia

A

Deficit in reaching under visual guidance that cannot be explained by motor, somatosensory, visual field deficits, or acuity deficits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Apperceptive agnosia

A

Deficit in perceptual processing (ex: can’t distinguish shapes, can’t copy picture), more severe, parietal lobe damage
-Can’t perceive or recognize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Associative agnosia

A

“Normal” perceptual processing, but deficit in linking percept to name (ex: can describe visual scene but fails to recognize them, can copy picture)
-Can perceive, but not recognize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Inability to recognize familiar faces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Color agnosia

A

Good color vision, inability to recognize colors or assign colors to objects (temporal lobe damage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Viewpoint invariance

A

Ability to recognize object regardless of viewpoint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Similar images fire similar cells in _____, but different cells in _____.

A
  • V1

- IT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Different images fire different cells in _____, but same cells in _______.

A
  • V1

- IT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Structural description models

A

Small set of primitives can specify large set of objects (recognition by components), geons–> objects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

View based models

A

Maintain a memory of many different views for each object we need to recognize (can identify 3D objects from 2D viewpoints)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where are faces processed in the brain?

A

FFA, can increase with expertise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where are places processed in the brain?

A

PPA (parahippocampal place area)

28
Q

Is attention top-up or bottom-up processing?

A

Bottom-up

29
Q

Covert attention

A

Gaze is peripheral, move eyes, top-down, resource demanding

30
Q

Overt attention

A

Gaze is in direct focus, bottom-up, occurs with few resources required

31
Q

Exogenous shifts are elicited by…

A

External stimulus (ex: bright flashes, loud noises)

32
Q

Endogenous shifts are…

A

Internally driven (ex: visual search, auditory search)

33
Q

Bottleneck

A

A restriction on the amount of info that can be processed at once forcing serial processing

34
Q

Limits of attention (3)

A
  1. Amount of info coming from optic nerve (500 10 megapixels jpegs per sec)
  2. Processing massively parallel=serial bottlenecks
  3. Lots of energy to keep brain running
35
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

Lack of attention, missing conspicuous events (ex: gorilla video)

36
Q

Change blindness

A

Change in visual stimulus that is missed

37
Q

Attentional blink

A

Second of two targets cannot be detected or identified when it appears close in time to first target

38
Q

Visual search

A

Lower target prevalence = higher % of targets missed

39
Q

Feature search

A

Bottom-up, active scan of visual environment for particular object among others

40
Q

Conjunction search

A

Similar to feature search, combo of features, harder and slower

41
Q

Hemispatial neglect

A

(see visual neglect), stroke interrupts flow to right parietal lobe, failure to acknowledge objects in field contralateral to lesion (ex: drawing half of flower)

42
Q

Sound pitch

A

Subjective experience associated sound frequency

43
Q

Sound loudness

A

Subjective experience associated sound intensity

44
Q

What is audibility curve used for?

A

Determining what frequencies an individual is most sensitive to

45
Q

Why are fingernails on chalkboard so annoying?

A

Activates amygdala, similar to monkey warning calls

46
Q

Tibre

A

AKA sound quality: when 2 sounds are heard that match for pitch, loudness, and duration, a difference can still be heard (ex: musical instruments)

47
Q

Amplitude envelope

A

Changes in amplitude of sound over time, affects timbre, allows us to effortlessly identify sounds

48
Q

What is the inner ear responsible for?

A

Frequency analysis

49
Q

What is the inner ear composed of?

A

Cochlea

50
Q

What is the middle ear responsible for?

A

Impedance matching and sound gating

51
Q

What is the middle ear composed of?

A

Stirrup, anvil, hammer, eardrum

52
Q

What is the outer ear responsible for?

A

Sound pickup and amplification

53
Q

What is the outer ear composed of?

A

Ear canal

54
Q

Impedance matching

A

Ear drum picks up weak vibrations over a large area, ossicles act like a lever system and concentrate movements to more forceful vibrations over a smaller area of oval window, can displace oval window against cochlear fluid

55
Q

Sound gating

A

Muscles in middle ear are able to reduce the transmission efficiency of ossicles in order to protect the inner ear from loud noise

56
Q

Pre-programmed response

A

Muscles contract before you speak

57
Q

Reflexive response

A

Muscles contract after a sustained loud noise such as a rock concert

58
Q

Is the base or the apex of the cochlea wider?

A

Apex, but stiffness decreases from base to apex

59
Q

What does the round window do?

A

Displaces the basilar membrane, fixes problem of membrane being surrounded by fluid and not able to be compressed (acts as pressure release outlet=allows oval window to move)

60
Q

Where is sound frequency topographically represented?

A

Basilar membrane (place coding)

61
Q

Characteristic frequency of auditory neurons

A

Frequency at which neuron is most responsive- from cochlea to cortex

62
Q

Interaural intensity difference best at what frequency of sounds?

A

High frequency, your head is a good obstacle for high freqs.

63
Q

Interaural time difference best at what frequency of sounds?

A

Low frequency, slight delay for sound to get from right to left ear, better for low freq.

64
Q

What does the pinna do?

A

Filters sound, filtering depends on sound direction

65
Q

Direct sound

A

Sound that reaches the listeners’ ears straight from the source (ex: outside)

66
Q

Indirect sound

A

Sound that is reflected off of environmental surfaces and then to the listener (ex: inside)

67
Q

Precedence effect

A

Listeners make localization judgments based on earliest arriving waves in onset of a sound (because of reverberation)

BCS 151- Perception and Action (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions