Exam 3

Question 1

Significant risk factor for the development of embolic stroke:

Answer 1

Atrial fibrillation

Question 2

The brain’s normal response to an increase in metabolism is to

Answer 2

vasodilation

Question 3

Patients who experience TIA are at increased risk for

Answer 3

hemorrhagic stroke

Question 4

The excitatory amino acid that can have neurotoxic effects on neurons when it is in the synapse after injury

Answer 4

Glutamate

Question 5

Most severe head injuries are incurred in

Answer 5

motor vehicle accidents

Question 6

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is most commonly a consequence of

Answer 6

cerebral aneurysm rupture

Question 7

Clinical manifestation of seizure depend on all of the following except

Answer 7

age of the patient

Question 8

All of the following medication might be appropriate manage the symptom of Parkinson disease except

Answer 8

a dopamine antagonist

Question 9

Both multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barre syndrome are demyelinated diseases

Answer 9

True

Question 10

All of the following statement regarding ALS are true except

Answer 10

cognitive function impairment

Question 11

A patient who experiences lower extremity weakness but has normal sensation is likely to have

Answer 11

Guillain-Barre syndrom

Question 12

What part of the brain deals with Speech

Answer 12

Temporal

Question 13

What part of the brain deals with Vision

Answer 13

Occipital

Question 14

What part of the brain deals with Hearing

Answer 14

Parietal

Question 15

What part of the brain deals with Motor Coordination

Answer 15

Cerebellum

Question 16

What part of the brain deals with Goal oriented behavior, decision making

Answer 16

frontal

Question 17

What part of the brain deals with Voluntary Movement

Answer 17

Pre-central sulcus gyrus

Question 18

What part of the brain deals with Touch & other Sensation

Answer 18

post-central sulcus gyrus

Question 19

Surgical removal of the lens of the eye is a treatment for

Answer 19

cataract

Question 20

The most common cause of decreased vision in children

Answer 20

Amblyopia

Question 21

When eye is elongated the resulting image focuses in—– the retina

Answer 21

Front

Question 22

Loss of the ability to accommodate

Answer 22

presbyopia

Question 23

Associated with development of retinopathy

Answer 23

HTN

Question 24

An irregular curvature of the cornea or lens

Answer 24

Astigmatism

Question 25

Acute eye pain

Answer 25

closed- angle glaucoma

Question 26

Most of all glaucoma

Answer 26

Open-angle glaucoma

Question 27

Bilateral progressive eye disorder with central vision loss

Answer 27

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Question 28

Vitreous humor shrinkage

Answer 28

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Question 29

Peripheral vision

Answer 29

Rod photoreceptors

Question 30

Stimulated by relatively high-intensity light

Answer 30

Cone photoreceptors

Question 31

What does the CNS consist of?

Answer 31

Brain & Spinal Cord

Question 32

What does the PNS consist of?

Answer 32

31 spinal nerves | 12 cranial nerves

Question 33

Where do the cranial nerves origin from?

Answer 33

All originate from brainstem except for 1 & 2. | 1 & 2 originate from diencephalon

Question 34

What are the layers of the meninges?

Answer 34

Dura Mater Arachnoid Mater Pia Mater

Question 35

What are the functions of the CSF and Meninges?

Answer 35

Provides buoyancy and shock-absorbing capacity

Question 36

What seperates the left and right hemishpere?

Answer 36

Falx Cerebri

Question 37

Where do the blood vessels of the brain meet?

Answer 37

Circle of Willis

Question 38

What provides blood to the front of the brain?

Answer 38

Internal carotid arteries

Question 39

What provides blood to the back of the brain?

Answer 39

Vertebral arteries

Question 40

Where is CSF produced?

Answer 40

Choroid plexus

Question 41

Where is CSF stored

Answer 41

3rd & lateral brain ventricles

Question 42

How much CSF is in an adult body?

Answer 42

150ml in brain

Question 43

How much CSF is produced daily?

Answer 43

500 ml a day

Question 44

What maintains the blood brain barrier?

Answer 44

Astrocytes

Question 45

What can cause the blood brain barrier to become more permeable?

Answer 45

Inflammation Neovascularity Toxins

Question 46

How many neurons are in the brain?

Answer 46

100 billion

Question 47

What are the 4 types of Glial cells?

Answer 47

``` (Meoa) Micro glia Oligodendrocytes Astrocytes Ependymal cells ```

Question 48

What forms the myelin sheath?

Answer 48

Oligodendrocytes

Question 49

What is the space between an axon and a denderite?

Answer 49

Synaptic Cleft

Question 50

What does the inhibitory neurotransmitter do?

Answer 50

Allows chlorine to enter / release potassium

Question 51

What does the excitatory transmitter do?

Answer 51

Allows sodium to enter

Question 52

What causes ipsilateral stimulation?

Answer 52

touch pressure vibration

Question 53

What causes contralateral stimulation?

Answer 53

Pain Itch Temperature

Question 54

What is a neurological event

Answer 54

anything that occurs in the brain

Question 55

What causes a seziure

Answer 55

Excessive amount of cortical electrical discharges

Question 56

What are the 5 types of General Seizures?

Answer 56

``` (MAAAT) Absence A typical Absence Myoclonic atonic tonic-clonic ```

Question 57

What is the main problem with Alzheimer's disease?

Answer 57

Degeneration of neurons | Cause amyloid plaques & neurofibrillary tangles

Question 58

What is Parkinson's disease

Answer 58

Dopamine deficiency in basal ganglia

Question 59

What controls conciousness?

Answer 59

RAS neurons