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Patho 2 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Significant risk factor for the development of embolic stroke:

A

Atrial fibrillation

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2
Q

The brain’s normal response to an increase in metabolism is to

A

vasodilation

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3
Q

Patients who experience TIA are at increased risk for

A

hemorrhagic stroke

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4
Q

The excitatory amino acid that can have neurotoxic effects on neurons when it is in the synapse after injury

A

Glutamate

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5
Q

Most severe head injuries are incurred in

A

motor vehicle accidents

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6
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is most commonly a consequence of

A

cerebral aneurysm rupture

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7
Q

Clinical manifestation of seizure depend on all of the following except

A

age of the patient

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8
Q

All of the following medication might be appropriate manage the symptom of Parkinson disease except

A

a dopamine antagonist

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9
Q

Both multiple sclerosis and Guillain-Barre syndrome are demyelinated diseases

A

True

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10
Q

All of the following statement regarding ALS are true except

A

cognitive function impairment

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11
Q

A patient who experiences lower extremity weakness but has normal sensation is likely to have

A

Guillain-Barre syndrom

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12
Q

What part of the brain deals with Speech

A

Temporal

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13
Q

What part of the brain deals with Vision

A

Occipital

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14
Q

What part of the brain deals with Hearing

A

Parietal

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15
Q

What part of the brain deals with Motor Coordination

A

Cerebellum

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16
Q

What part of the brain deals with Goal oriented behavior, decision making

A

frontal

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17
Q

What part of the brain deals with Voluntary Movement

A

Pre-central sulcus gyrus

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18
Q

What part of the brain deals with Touch & other Sensation

A

post-central sulcus gyrus

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19
Q

Surgical removal of the lens of the eye is a treatment for

A

cataract

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20
Q

The most common cause of decreased vision in children

A

Amblyopia

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21
Q

When eye is elongated the resulting image focuses in—– the retina

A

Front

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22
Q

Loss of the ability to accommodate

A

presbyopia

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23
Q

Associated with development of retinopathy

A

HTN

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24
Q

An irregular curvature of the cornea or lens

A

Astigmatism

25
Q

Acute eye pain

A

closed- angle glaucoma

26
Q

Most of all glaucoma

A

Open-angle glaucoma

27
Q

Bilateral progressive eye disorder with central vision loss

A

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

28
Q

Vitreous humor shrinkage

A

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

29
Q

Peripheral vision

A

Rod photoreceptors

30
Q

Stimulated by relatively high-intensity light

A

Cone photoreceptors

31
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

Brain & Spinal Cord

32
Q

What does the PNS consist of?

A

31 spinal nerves

12 cranial nerves

33
Q

Where do the cranial nerves origin from?

A

All originate from brainstem except for 1 & 2.

1 & 2 originate from diencephalon

34
Q

What are the layers of the meninges?

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

35
Q

What are the functions of the CSF and Meninges?

A

Provides buoyancy and shock-absorbing capacity

36
Q

What seperates the left and right hemishpere?

A

Falx Cerebri

37
Q

Where do the blood vessels of the brain meet?

A

Circle of Willis

38
Q

What provides blood to the front of the brain?

A

Internal carotid arteries

39
Q

What provides blood to the back of the brain?

A

Vertebral arteries

40
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

Choroid plexus

41
Q

Where is CSF stored

A

3rd & lateral brain ventricles

42
Q

How much CSF is in an adult body?

A

150ml in brain

43
Q

How much CSF is produced daily?

A

500 ml a day

44
Q

What maintains the blood brain barrier?

A

Astrocytes

45
Q

What can cause the blood brain barrier to become more permeable?

A

Inflammation
Neovascularity
Toxins

46
Q

How many neurons are in the brain?

A

100 billion

47
Q

What are the 4 types of Glial cells?

A 
(Meoa)
Micro glia
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Ependymal cells
48
Q

What forms the myelin sheath?

A

Oligodendrocytes

49
Q

What is the space between an axon and a denderite?

A

Synaptic Cleft

50
Q

What does the inhibitory neurotransmitter do?

A

Allows chlorine to enter / release potassium

51
Q

What does the excitatory transmitter do?

A

Allows sodium to enter

52
Q

What causes ipsilateral stimulation?

A

touch
pressure
vibration

53
Q

What causes contralateral stimulation?

A

Pain
Itch
Temperature

54
Q

What is a neurological event

A

anything that occurs in the brain

55
Q

What causes a seziure

A

Excessive amount of cortical electrical discharges

56
Q

What are the 5 types of General Seizures?

A 
(MAAAT)
Absence
A typical Absence
Myoclonic
atonic
tonic-clonic
57
Q

What is the main problem with Alzheimer’s disease?

A

Degeneration of neurons

Cause amyloid plaques & neurofibrillary tangles

58
Q

What is Parkinson’s disease

A

Dopamine deficiency in basal ganglia

59
Q

What controls conciousness?

A

RAS neurons

Patho 2 (5 decks)

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