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Sport Psychology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

People with higher levels of depression

A

Receive a greater benefit from exercise

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1
Q

What is the impact of exercise on mental health disorders?

A

Exercise decreases of mental health disorders especially depression

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2
Q

Thermogenic Hypothesis

A

Exercise raises body temperature several degrees

Reduces EMG levels

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3
Q

Monoamine Hypothesis

A

Exercise increases production of Monoamine hormones

Impact mental health

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4
Q

Endorphin Hypothesis

A

Exercise High

Endorphin is released in response to stress and results in analgesia (not feeling pain)

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5
Q

How do you test endorphin hypothesis?

A

Use blocking agents such as injections or pills

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6
Q

Purpose of using Blocking agents when testing endorphines

A

Eliminate endorphin from CNS

Giving during exercise allows you to determine if people feel better following exercise

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7
Q

Problems with Endorphin Hypothesis

A

Can’t confirm that endorphin production is consistently related to exercise intensity

Exercise can improve mood changes even when endorphins are blocked

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8
Q

Endorphin explanation remains

A

Tenative

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9
Q

Distraction Hypothesis

A

Exercise is superior to control conditions in reducing anxiety

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10
Q

Exercise may be nothing more than a for of

A

Distraction or “time-out” therapy

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11
Q

Distraction Hypothesis implies

A

Rigor of exercise has nothing to do with how you feel

Physiological consequences of exercise don’t effect mood

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12
Q

Acute Exercise

A

Psychological response to a single Workout

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13
Q

Acute Exercise effects what mood disorder?

A

Anxiety

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14
Q

Traditional Perspective

A

If you want psychological benefits, do not exercise too intensely

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15
Q

Aerobic activity is more effective than____________ for ____ exercise

A

Anaerobic exercise

Acute

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16
Q

Single Bout…

A

Lowers anxiety

Makes you feel better

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17
Q

Chronic Exercise

A

Psychological responses to a long-term program

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18
Q

Chronic Exercise Affects

A

Depression

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19
Q

Exercise effect on depression

A

Improvement was not significant over 12 weeks

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20
Q

Medication Vs. Exercise for Depression

A

Medication results in more rapid rate of improvement

The more depressed the stronger the improvement of medication

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21
Q

Least depressed participants responded quickest to….

A

Combined Treatment

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22
Q

Percent of American’s that complain of chronic stress

A

3/4

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23
Q

What percent of Americans suffer from a depressive illness

A

9.5%

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24
Q

Benefits of exercise

A

Simple
Availability
Low Cost

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25
Q

Consequences of chronic exercise on anxiety and depression

A

Physical activity may trigger panic attack

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26
Q

Why have Physicians and clinicians advised anxiety patients to avoid exercise?

A

It is a risky behavior that can provoke panic attack

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27
Q

How do aerobic and anaerobic exercise affect anxiety?

A

In the same way

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28
Q

What is the best form of exercise for reducing anxiety

A

Acute aerobic exercise

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29
Q

People suffering from clinical depression and anxiety have found significant benefits from what type of exercise?

A

Chronic exercise programs

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30
Q

Exercise can improve your

A

Cognitive speed
Control
Execution

31
Q

Strategies used to identify exercise addicts

A

Questionnaires

Exercise dependence scale

32
Q

Weaknesses associated with these methods

A

You can’t tell by looking at them
Can’t tell by asking them
Only can tell by doing

33
Q

Why is calling physical exercise an addiction controversial?

A

Addiction usually refers to drugs

Exercise can have a negative connotation

34
Q

What are the major categories of symptoms of exercise addiction

A 
Withdrawal Symptoms
Mood disturbances- anxiety depression, irritability
Sleep disturbances- More/less sleep
Apetite changes- Eating disorder
Physical Symptoms- soreness, cramps
35
Q

What causes exercise addiction?

A 
Physiological
	Endorphin
Psychological
	Personality Traits
	Low Self-Esteem
	Body dissatisfaction
36
Q

How to treat exercise addicts

A

Reduce training volume
Reduce training stress
Counseling/Psychotherapy

37
Q

Challenges of exercise addiction treatment

A

Denial of problem
Reluctant to seek medical care
Want a quick fix
Refuse advice to cross-train

38
Q

What evidence supports endorphins promote exercise addiction?

A

There is none

39
Q

What is the traditional view of sport psychology about the influence of anxiety to sport performance

A

Increased levels of anxiety have negative effects on performance

40
Q

Stress

A

A stimulus or situation that is perceived as threatening which leads to anxiety

41
Q

Stressor

A

An aspect of stress that can be measured and quatified

42
Q

Anxiety

A

An emotional reaction consisting of unpleasant:
Thoughts and worries
Feelings
Psychical changes

43
Q

Arousal

A

A diffuse, global state of physiological activation that can range from deep sleep to extreme excitation

44
Q

How do you measure arousal

A

Heart Rate
Blood Pressure
Stress Hormones

45
Q

Most sport psychologists make the assumption that

A

Anxiety=Arousal

46
Q

Traditional definition of arousal

A

State of physiological activation ranging from high to low

47
Q

Physiological responses are not

A

Intercorrelated and differ between people

48
Q

Physiological changes associated with arousal are…

A

Not correlated with anxiety

49
Q

Simple Model

A

Stress and Anxiety are a continuous cycle

50
Q

Behaviorl

A

Stimulus—>Stress—->Anxiety<—-Response

51
Q

Cognitive

A

Stress or Perception= Anxiety

Unidemensional- Any stress results in anxiety

52
Q

Multidimensional

A

Stress or Perception can lead to either Eustress or Distress

53
Q

Doc’s Major coaching accomplishments

A

Won first big10 swimming championship
Won 20 consecutive big10 championships
6 straight NCAA championships
Head coach of 2 US Olympic Swim teams

54
Q

What are Doc’s own personal swimming accomplishments>

A

Set world record in 50m and 300yd breaststroke

Swam English Channel at 58

55
Q

Swimming related inventions and technological innovations?

A

Pace clock
Re-designed swim lanes
Created and used cable machines for weight training
Lift vs drag in different strokes

56
Q

Doc’s coaching methods and philosophy

A

Shotgun psychology- treat everyone on the team the same way
Individual approach- talk to each athlete to discuss last min strategy or calm down
Used humor
Open-door policy
Paid had to happen to get results

57
Q

The multidimensional model features both

A

Eustress and Distress as being possible results of experiencing stress

58
Q

Drive/Hullian Theory

A

Positive linear relationship between performance and anxiety
More anxiety=Better Performance
No evidence supporting it
Coach yelling at players

59
Q

Relaxation/Quiescence theory

A

Less anxiety better performance
No evidence
Meditation

60
Q

Inverted-U Hypothesis/Yerke Dodson Law

A

Bell Curve with maximum performance being at moderate levels of aniety and minimum performance being at too much or too little anxiety

61
Q

What does the Inverted-U predict?

A

For any given sport there is an optimal moderate level of anxiety

62
Q

IZOF- Individual zones of Optimal Functioning

A

Each athlete possesses an optimal anxiety range associated with optimal performance, this range may lie anywhere on the continuum from low to high

63
Q

What is the major problem with the Inverted U hypothesis

A

it doesn’t account for difference between individual athletes

64
Q

True or false: For IZOF The Sport is irrelevant

A

True

65
Q

IZOF definition

A

Empirically based approach to anxiety and sport performance

66
Q

3 IZOF results findings

A
  1. Each individual athlete posses an optimal anxiety range associated with optimal performance
  2. Range may lie anywhere on the anxiety continuum from extremely low to extremely high
  3. Optimal anxiety range is not predictably influence by factors such as motor task requirements or skill
67
Q

IZOF theory=

A

All athletes are different

68
Q

What are the two methods of establishing optimal anxiety

A

Direct and Indirect

69
Q

Direct

A

Anxiety is assessed prior to many competitions until a personal-best performance occurs

70
Q

Disadvantage of direct method

A

Time Consuming

Best performances are rare

71
Q

Indirect Method

A

Time saving alternative to direct approach
Athletes can accurately recall feeling just before past performances
Answer through a questionaire

72
Q

Hanin’s findings from indirect method

A

High correlation between recalled scores and actual level of anxiety

73
Q

How much exercise is too much?

A

It depends

74
Q

Effects of 3 days of 3 day exercise deprivation

A

Worst after day 2

Starts to get better on day 3

Sport Psychology (4 decks)

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