Exam 3 Flashcards
Bacteria and Archaea play a central role in the global carbon cycle because
a) some species of bacteria can fix carbon dioxide through photosynthesis
b) because some species of Archaea can produce methane
c) they have important roles in the metabolism of organic maPer in terrestrial and aqua/c
environments
d) statements (b) and (c) are correct
e) statements (a), (b) and (c) are correct
a) some species of bacteria can fix carbon dioxide through photosynthesis
b) because some species of Archaea can produce methane
What characteristics make a gene a good candidate for determining the evolutionary relationships
between organisms?
IT has both highly conserved and variable regions and it is universally distributed
Linking an ORF (open reading frame) with a specific protein is an example of gene
annotation
Gene islands in the chromosome typically contain clusters of genes that encode for
virulence, biodegradation of pollutants, or symbiotic relationships
Orthologs are
genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestor while retaining the same function
Genomes of species in both bacteria and archaea show a strong correlation between genome size and ___
number of ORFs
AT rich DNA will melt at
a lower temperature than GC rich DNA
Horizontal gene transfer has been convincingly demonstrated for genes involved in
antibiotic resistance genes and virulence and degradation functions
Which of the following places the steps of PCR in the correct order?
(1) Incubate at 94°C to denature DNA strands;
(2) Incubate at 72°C for DNA synthesis;
(3) Incubate at 60°C for primer hybridization
1, 3, 2
Consider the following. The necessary ingredients for DNA synthesis are mixed together in a test
tube. Aferwards the DNA polymerase from Thermus aqua+cus and human DNA are added. The DNA
synthesized would be most similar to
Human DNA
Reverse transcriptase is a(n)
RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
Which of the following statements about the phenetic species concept is not true?
a) It provides a hierarchical classification.
b) Organisms are assigned to categories based on phenotypic characteristics.
c) it relies entirely on the analysis of DNA sequences.
d) Organisms are given binomial names.
e) All of the above.
it relies entirely on the analysis of DNA sequences.
Professor Carl Woese proposed the three-domain system based on differences in the ____________
of organisms.
rRNA sequences
Whether an organism is classified as a photoheterotroph or a photoautotroph depends on the
kinds of carbon sources used
The calvin cycle
uses CO2, NAD(P)H, and ATP to make anabolic precursors with ribulose bisphosphate
carboxylase (RubisCO) and phosphoribulokinase.
Genome assembly relies on
aligning large numbers of short sequences that overlap with one another.
Evolution is driven by
selection pressure applied to random mutations.
Which of the following is an assumption used in phylogenetic analysis?
a) Nucleotide changes are generally not transferred to progeny.
b) Nucleotide changes are not random.
c) Nucleotide changes accumulate in a sequence in proportion to time.
d) Nucleotide changes are subject to intense selective pressure.
e) Nucleotide changes occur rapidly in short periods of time.
Nucleotide changes accumulate in a sequence in proportion to time
