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micro bio > ch 25 > Flashcards

ch 25 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Pathogenicity is the ability

A

of the pathogen to inflict damage on the host.

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2
Q 
Which of the following is not a subunit of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?
A. O-specific polysaccharide
B. lipid A
C. corepolysaccharide
D. M protein
A

M protein

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3
Q 
Diptheria toxin is a
A) type of endotoxin.
B) cytolytic toxin.
C) ABtoxin.
D) superantigentoxin
A

AB toxin.

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4
Q

Decalcification of the tooth enamel is caused by

A

lactic acid

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5
Q

Tetanus toxin causes

A

muscles to be unable to relax

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6
Q

Shiga toxin is an enterotoxin that is produced by

A

Shigella dysenteriae.

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7
Q

The decrease or loss of virulence of a pathogen is referred to as

A

attenuation.

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8
Q 
Which of the following is not important for the adherence of bacteria to host tissues?
lipopolysaccharides
capsule
adhesins
slimelayer
A

lipopolysaccharides

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9
Q 
Which of the following is an important factor in the development of dental caries?
high salt diet
high sugar diet
highaciddiet
lowsaltdiet
A

high sugar diet

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10
Q

The spread of pathogens through the blood and lymph systems that results in a bloodborne
systemic infection is called

A

septicemia.

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11
Q 
Which of the following does NOT affect pathogen growth?
A) availability of microbial nutrients
B) pH
C) temperature
D) All of these affect growth.
A

all the above

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12
Q

________ is a damage or injury to a host organism that impairs its function

A

Disease

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13
Q

Epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract form a

A

mucous membrane.

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14
Q

What is the difference between adherence and colonization?

A

Colonization occurs when a microbe begins to grow in host tissues whereas adherence
occurs when the microbe initially attaches.

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15
Q

what is a major growth-limiting micronutrient that influences microbial
growth?

A

iron

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16
Q

The dose of an antigen that kills 50% of animals in a test group and is used to estimate the
virulence of a pathogen is known as

A

LD50 (lethal dose)

17
Q

The best term to describe the general process by which microorganisms cause diseases is
known as

A

pathogenesis

18
Q

Septicemia is an example of a

A

systemic infection

19
Q

The process by which white blood cells ingest and kill bacteria is called

A

Phagocytosis

20
Q

________ are toxic proteins released from the pathogen during normal growth.

A

endotoxins

21
Q

________ are microbial infections acquired by hospital patients with noninfectious diseases
because they are compromised hosts.

A

Nosocomial infections

22
Q

Pathogenicity pertains to the ability of a pathogen to cause disease.

A

True

23
Q

Pathogenicity islands are clusters of genes for virulence factors that are located together on
the bacterial chromosome.

A

True

24
Q

An opportunistic pathogen causes disease ONLY in the presence of normal host resistance.

A

False

25
Q

Virulence refers to a pathogen’s ability to infect or damage a host.

A

true

26
Q

A pathogen’s virulence never changes throughout a host’s life

A

False

27
Q

Cholera begins following a bite from a mosquito.

A

False

28
Q

Virulence genes may be located on mobile genetic elements

A

True

29
Q

Invasion is the ability of a pathogen to enter into host cells or tissues, spread, and cause
disease.

A

True

30
Q

The toxic lipopolysaccharides produced by most Gram-negative bacteria are called exotoxins.

A

False

31
Q

Gram-positive bacteria produce endotoxins

A

false

32
Q

Because malnutrition can make the immune system weaker, the number of Vibrio cholera cells
necessary to produce cholera in an exposed individual is drastically reduced in individuals with
substantial malnutrition.

A

treu

33
Q

Diphtheria toxin inactivates elongation factor 2 by catalyzing the attachment of adenosine
diphosphate ribose from NAD+.

A

true

34
Q

Clostridium botulinum cannot produce toxins in improperly preserved foods.

A

false

micro bio (9 decks)

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