ch 26 Flashcards
The ability of humans to resist a disease is called
immunity
Cells that can engulf foreign particles, and can ingest, kill, and digest most bacterial
pathogens are called
phagocytes
Adaptive immunity occurs when
the innate immune response fails to eliminate pathogens in the body and virulent
infections persist after the initial innate defense response.
The rapid increase in adaptive immunity after a second antigen exposure is called
immune memory
An example of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) is
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
The process by which antibodies block interactions between pathogens or their products and
host cells is termed
neutralization
Which of the following are molecular mediators of inflammation? A) immunoglobulins B) lipopolysaccharide C) erythrocytes D) both chemokines and cytokines
both chemokines and cytokines
Immunoglobulins are produced by B cells and are also known as
antibodies
Enhanced phagocytosis of antibody-sensitized cells is known as
opsonization
Pattern recognition receptors are most directly used
by phagocytes to detect pathogens
The body’s non-inducible, preexisting ability to recognize and destroy a variety of pathogens
or their products is called
innate immunity
Adaptive immune responses are directed at pathogen molecules called
antigens
The first defense cells that interact with a pathogen in the body are
macrophages
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are found on which of the following cells?
Macrophages and neutrophils
Interaction of a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) with a pattern recognition
receptor (PRR) results in
transmembrane signal transduction that initiates transcription of genes involved in
phagocytosis, inflammation, and pathogen killing.
Communication between cells of the immune system is accomplished in many cases through
cytokines
The primary function of a phagocyte is to
both engulf and destroy pathogens.
Phagocytes have a pathogen-recognition system known as ________ that leads to the
recognition, containment, and destruction of a pathogen
pattern recognition receptors (PRR)
The enhancement of phagocytosis due to deposition of antibody on the surface of a pathogen
or antigen is called
opsonization
The first cell type active in the innate response is usually a(n)
phagocyte
Immunity results from the actions of cells that circulate throughout the body, primarily through
the blood and lymph.
True
Erythrocytes are the most numerous cells in human blood
Ture
Antibodies are soluble proteins produced by T cells.
False
All gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharides in their outer membranes
true
In adaptive immunity, pathogen specific receptors are produced in large numbers only after
exposure to the pathogen or its products.
true
Phagocytes interact speedily and effectively with pathogens because they have evolved
specialized molecules called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that interact directly with
PAMPs
ture
All TLR can react with only one specific PAMP.
false
Antibodies are insoluble proteins.
false
The presence of neutrophils in higher than normal numbers in the blood or at a site of
inflammation indicates an active response to a current infection.
true
