ch 24 Flashcards
The collective term for the organisms living on or in the human body, as opposed to a general
term for organisms in an environmental habitat, is
The human microbiome
A close and long-term biological interaction between two different organisms is called a
symbiotic relationship
probiotics are
live bacteria that promote the development of a healthy microbiome in the
gastrointestinal tract
Prebiotics are
A) chemicals that are used to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria
B) chemicals that are administered prior to beginning antibiotic therapy
C) chemicals used to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria
D) chemicals that inhibit the growth of early life forms such as viruses
E) none of the above
none of the above
Resilient microbial communities are
communities that resist damage and recover quickly after a disturbance.
The vaginal microbiome of healthy reproductive age women
are often dominated by species of Lactobacillus.
A core microbiome consists of
Microorganisms that are always found at a particular body site.
The vaginal microbiomes of reproductive age women
A) Is relatively constant over time in women of the same ethnic group
B) Are “personalized” and the composition varies widely among women.
C) Typically have a low pH less than 5.5
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.
all the above
Fecal transplants are
done to cure infectious disease caused by Clostridium difficile
Which of the following is NOT true about bacterial vaginosis
A) is diagnosed based on vaginal symptoms that include a ‘fishy odor’, elevated pH, the
presence of ‘clue’ cells, and a thin white vaginal discharge.
B) Increases risk to sexually transmitted infections.
C) Increases risk to preterm birth.
D) Is caused by a bacterial infection of the vagina.
E) All of the above
Is caused by a bacterial infection of the vagina
The damaged areas of teeth caused by organic acids produced by dental plaque are called
dental caries
What is the role of fecal transplants in medicine?
They can provide a healthy microbiota to help treat Clostridium difficle infections
Common probiotics include
Bifidobacterium species
A microbial community that does not significantly change when exposed to stressors is called
resistant
Clostridium difficile infections most often occur
following prolonged antibiotic treatment
Which of the following is a benefit of studying the human microbiome?
A) It may allow for the development of personalized medical treatments.
B) It may allow for more finely targeted probiotics.
C) It may allow for increased recognition of disease biomarkers.
D) All of these answers are possible benefits.
all the above
Which of the following is TRUE about research on the human microbiome?
A) Advanced nucleic acid sequencing techniques were needed before a good
understanding of its microbial abundance and diversity could be developed.
B) Culture-dependent techniques fully elucidated its microbial diversity.
C) Cultivation was unimportant in studying its microbial diversity.
D) None of the answers are correct.
Advanced nucleic acid sequencing techniques were needed before a good
understanding of its microbial abundance and diversity could be developed.
Normal microbiota helps to ________ colonization of pathogenic organisms
prevent
The collective term for the functional collection of microbes living on or in the human body, as
opposed to a general term for organisms in an environmental habitat, is
the human microbiome
Extensive microbial growth in a thick bacterial layer on the teeth is called
dental plaque
Which of the following is NOT a major question in the Human Microbiome Project?
A) Are differences in the relative abundance of different bacteria important?
B) Do differences in the human microbiome correlate with differences in human health?
C) Is there a correlation between microbial population structure and host genotype?
D) How can we reduce the number of microbes on the human body?
D) How can we reduce the number of microbes on the human body?
The most heavily colonized human organ by bacteria is the ________, containing 1011‐1012
bacterial cells per gram
large intestine
The human microbiome contains all
organism present in and on the body
All microorganisms that live in the human body are harmful.
false
A Gram stained sample of vaginal secretions shows the presence of relatively high numbers of
gram-positive rods and relatively low numbers of gram-variable rods. This is indicative of
bacterial vaginosis.
False
The use of fecal transplants has dramatically improved outcomes for patients with Clostridium
difficile infections
True
Probiotics do not contain living microbes
False
Vaginal acidity in the adult female reproductive tract is due to acid production by species of
Lactobacillus.
True
A healthy vaginal microbiome is dominated by Candida
False
