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Cargo 1 > EXAM 3 > Flashcards

EXAM 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How much stronger is improved plow steel than regular plow steel?

A

15%

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2
Q

Formula: SWL wire

A

= square of circumference / 2.5

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3
Q

Ventilate OR Do NOT Ventilate: Non-hygroscopic cargo: Cargo loaded in cold climate - ship steams into warmer climate

A

Do NOT ventilate

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4
Q

Defn: The difference between the dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures

A

Wet-bulb depression

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5
Q

Defn: The temperature at which condensation will occur for a given volume of air

A

dew point

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6
Q

What is the minimum safety factor that should be used when determining breaking strain?

A

5

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7
Q

List (3) main ways to reduce sweat damage to cargo:

A
  1. dunnage (sweat battens) 2. tarps to cover top tier of cargo 3. VENTILATION
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8
Q

Name (3) advantages of a modern crane over the married fall system?

A
  1. greater spotting area 2. safety 3. simplicity of ops
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9
Q

What is the ditty for ventilation of non-hygroscopic cargo?

A

“Hot to Cold - Ventilate Bold, Cold to Hot, Ventilate Not.”

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10
Q

Defn: the weight of water vapor present in a given per unit weight of dry air

A

specific humidity

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11
Q

Defn: Occurs when the maximum amount of water vapor a volume of air can hold at a given temperature is present

A

saturation

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12
Q

When the dew point, saturation point, and wet-bulb temperature are all the same the air is said to be __________.

A

saturated

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13
Q

Formula: Breaking strain of wire

A

= 2.5 x square of circumference

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14
Q

Moisture that forms on the ship’s structure and can drip onto the cargo as a result of temperature differences between the metal of the ship and the outside environment.

A

Ship sweat

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15
Q

What powers the modern ship-board crane?

A

electro-hydraulics OR hydraulics

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16
Q

What can happen when oxygen and moisture are combined within a cargo hold?

A

corrosion

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17
Q

What is one of the first initial actions you must take in the event of a fire onboard ship?

A

secure ventilation immediately

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18
Q

Ventilation can more accurately be described as _____ __________ for cargo holds.

A

air conditioning

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19
Q

Preventing moisture and damage to cargo that results from condensation within a cargo hold is the primary objective of what?

A

ventilation

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20
Q

TRUE/FALSE: It is always beneficial to ventilate a cargo hold.

A

FALSE

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21
Q

What can be fitted to the sides of a ship’s cargo hold that serves to prevent cargo from contacting ship sweat?

A

sweat battens

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22
Q

Ventilate OR Do NOT Ventilate: When the dewpoint of the outisde air is lower than the dewpoint of the hold?

A

Ventilate

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23
Q

A ______ _________ on a crane indicates the angle of the jib.

A

boom indicator

24
Q

____________ is a type of airborne damage to cargo that is caused by dust particles; ventilation does not help remove these particles.

A

contamination

25
Q

Formula: Absolute Humidity

A

= specific humidity / volume

26
Q

Ventilate OR Do NOT Ventilate: Non-hygroscopic cargo: Ship loaded in warmer climate - ship steams into cool climate and cools down

A

Ventilate

27
Q

Moisture that may form on the cargo itself from the cargo.

A

Cargo sweat

28
Q

The warmer the air the (more/less) air it can hold?

A

more

29
Q

When the vapor pressure within a hygroscopic cargo exceeds the vapor pressure of a cargo hold the cargo will do what?

A

give off moisture

30
Q

What is the ROT regarding dewpoints of a cargo hold?

A

Always try to have the lowest dewpoint in cargo hold

31
Q

_________ is a type of airborne damage that is caused by vapors introduced to a cargo hold from odorous cargoes; ventilation does not help prevent this kind of damage.

A

tainting

32
Q

Defn: the pressure exerted by water vapor present in a volume of air (expressed in in. Hg)

A

vapor pressure

33
Q

The term used for heaving on the winches of both booms of a married fall system in order to get the load up high enough to clear the bulwarks; Results in a great angle between the two falls and the two winches pulling against one another, placing great strain on all the gear involved

A

tight lining

34
Q

What occurs if additional water vapor is present with air in a saturated condition?

A

condensation

35
Q

A ______ ____ on a pedestal crane prevents the jib from being raised too high.

A

boom stops

36
Q

Formula: Stress on Topping Lift

A

= (Length of topping lift) / (ht of mast x wt lifted)

37
Q

Defn: The ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the amount of water vapor the air is capable of holding at that temperature.

A

relative humdity

38
Q

Ventilate OR Do NOT Ventilate: Hygroscopic cargo: vessel sailing from warm climate to a cold climate

A

Ventilate

39
Q

Which source of water vapor in a cargo hold causes the most problems?

A

hygroscopic cargos

40
Q

Defn: cargo capable of absorbing moisture

A

hygroscopic cargo

41
Q

Most damage to cargo occurs from _____ sweat.

A

ship sweat

42
Q

What is the tool used to determine the dew point of a cargo hold while underway?

A

Sling psychrometer

43
Q

Defn: the weight of water present per volume of dry air

A

absolute humidity

44
Q

21% of air is made up of what chemical component?

A

oxygen

45
Q

What kind of ventilation do modern ships possess?

A

forced ventilation

46
Q

Defn: The temperature of the air that is measured accounting for relative humdity

A

Wet-bulb temperature

47
Q

Vapor pressure within cargo (increases/decreases) as the temperature increases?

A

increases.

48
Q

Defn: A term used to indicate the steps taken to prevent damage to cargoes from condensed moisture in cargo holds.

A

Ventilation

49
Q

78% of air is made up of what chemical component?

A

nitrogen

50
Q

Forumla: SWL rope

A

BS / SF

51
Q

The amount of water vapor that a given sample of air can hold varies directly with the ___________ of the air.

A

temperature

52
Q

An increase of 20 degs. Fahrenheit will roughly _________ the amount of water vapor a given amount of air can hold.

A

double

53
Q

The second-most common cause of moisture damage to cargo is from _______ sweat.

A

cargo sweat

54
Q

Defn: The temperature of the air when measured by a regular thermometer (that does not account for relative humidity)

A

Dry-bulb temperature

55
Q

What are (2) ways that water vapor can be introduced to a cargo hold?

A
  1. outside air brought in by ventilation 2. hygroscopic cargos

Cargo 1 (4 decks)

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