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EXAM 3 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

How much stronger is improved plow steel than regular plow steel?

A

15%

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2
Q

Formula: SWL wire

A

= square of circumference / 2.5

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3
Q

Ventilate OR Do NOT Ventilate: Non-hygroscopic cargo: Cargo loaded in cold climate - ship steams into warmer climate

A

Do NOT ventilate

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4
Q

Defn: The difference between the dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures

A

Wet-bulb depression

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5
Q

Defn: The temperature at which condensation will occur for a given volume of air

A

dew point

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6
Q

What is the minimum safety factor that should be used when determining breaking strain?

A

5

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7
Q

List (3) main ways to reduce sweat damage to cargo:

A
  1. dunnage (sweat battens) 2. tarps to cover top tier of cargo 3. VENTILATION
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8
Q

Name (3) advantages of a modern crane over the married fall system?

A
  1. greater spotting area 2. safety 3. simplicity of ops
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9
Q

What is the ditty for ventilation of non-hygroscopic cargo?

A

“Hot to Cold - Ventilate Bold, Cold to Hot, Ventilate Not.”

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10
Q

Defn: the weight of water vapor present in a given per unit weight of dry air

A

specific humidity

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11
Q

Defn: Occurs when the maximum amount of water vapor a volume of air can hold at a given temperature is present

A

saturation

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12
Q

When the dew point, saturation point, and wet-bulb temperature are all the same the air is said to be __________.

A

saturated

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13
Q

Formula: Breaking strain of wire

A

= 2.5 x square of circumference

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14
Q

Moisture that forms on the ship’s structure and can drip onto the cargo as a result of temperature differences between the metal of the ship and the outside environment.

A

Ship sweat

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15
Q

What powers the modern ship-board crane?

A

electro-hydraulics OR hydraulics

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16
Q

What can happen when oxygen and moisture are combined within a cargo hold?

A

corrosion

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17
Q

What is one of the first initial actions you must take in the event of a fire onboard ship?

A

secure ventilation immediately

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18
Q

Ventilation can more accurately be described as _____ __________ for cargo holds.

A

air conditioning

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19
Q

Preventing moisture and damage to cargo that results from condensation within a cargo hold is the primary objective of what?

A

ventilation

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20
Q

TRUE/FALSE: It is always beneficial to ventilate a cargo hold.

A

FALSE

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21
Q

What can be fitted to the sides of a ship’s cargo hold that serves to prevent cargo from contacting ship sweat?

A

sweat battens

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22
Q

Ventilate OR Do NOT Ventilate: When the dewpoint of the outisde air is lower than the dewpoint of the hold?

A

Ventilate

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23
Q

A ______ _________ on a crane indicates the angle of the jib.

Study These Flashcards
A

boom indicator

24
Q

____________ is a type of airborne damage to cargo that is caused by dust particles; ventilation does not help remove these particles.

Study These Flashcards
A

contamination

25
Formula: Absolute Humidity
= specific humidity / volume
26
Ventilate OR Do NOT Ventilate: Non-hygroscopic cargo: Ship loaded in warmer climate - ship steams into cool climate and cools down
Ventilate
27
Moisture that may form on the cargo itself from the cargo.
Cargo sweat
28
The warmer the air the (more/less) air it can hold?
more
29
When the vapor pressure within a hygroscopic cargo exceeds the vapor pressure of a cargo hold the cargo will do what?
give off moisture
30
What is the ROT regarding dewpoints of a cargo hold?
Always try to have the lowest dewpoint in cargo hold
31
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a type of airborne damage that is caused by vapors introduced to a cargo hold from odorous cargoes; ventilation does not help prevent this kind of damage.
tainting
32
Defn: the pressure exerted by water vapor present in a volume of air (expressed in in. Hg)
vapor pressure
33
The term used for heaving on the winches of both booms of a married fall system in order to get the load up high enough to clear the bulwarks; Results in a great angle between the two falls and the two winches pulling against one another, placing great strain on all the gear involved
tight lining
34
What occurs if additional water vapor is present with air in a saturated condition?
condensation
35
A ______ \_\_\_\_ on a pedestal crane prevents the jib from being raised too high.
boom stops
36
Formula: Stress on Topping Lift
= (Length of topping lift) / (ht of mast x wt lifted)
37
Defn: The ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air to the amount of water vapor the air is capable of holding at that temperature.
relative humdity
38
Ventilate OR Do NOT Ventilate: Hygroscopic cargo: vessel sailing from warm climate to a cold climate
Ventilate
39
Which source of water vapor in a cargo hold causes the most problems?
hygroscopic cargos
40
Defn: cargo capable of absorbing moisture
hygroscopic cargo
41
Most damage to cargo occurs from _____ sweat.
ship sweat
42
What is the tool used to determine the dew point of a cargo hold while underway?
Sling psychrometer
43
Defn: the weight of water present per volume of dry air
absolute humidity
44
21% of air is made up of what chemical component?
oxygen
45
What kind of ventilation do modern ships possess?
forced ventilation
46
Defn: The temperature of the air that is measured accounting for relative humdity
Wet-bulb temperature
47
Vapor pressure within cargo (increases/decreases) as the temperature increases?
increases.
48
Defn: A term used to indicate the steps taken to prevent damage to cargoes from condensed moisture in cargo holds.
Ventilation
49
78% of air is made up of what chemical component?
nitrogen
50
Forumla: SWL rope
BS / SF
51
The amount of water vapor that a given sample of air can hold varies directly with the ___________ of the air.
temperature
52
An increase of 20 degs. Fahrenheit will roughly _________ the amount of water vapor a given amount of air can hold.
double
53
The second-most common cause of moisture damage to cargo is from _______ sweat.
cargo sweat
54
Defn: The temperature of the air when measured by a regular thermometer (that does not account for relative humidity)
Dry-bulb temperature
55
What are (2) ways that water vapor can be introduced to a cargo hold?
1. outside air brought in by ventilation 2. hygroscopic cargos

Cargo 1 (4 decks)

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