Exam 3 Flashcards
Which city is Germantown in?
Philadelphia
What is studied in Germantown?
social ecology
What is the code of civility and code of conduct regulated by the threat of violence
Code of the Street
Describe Chestnut Hill
- The”suburb of the city”
- most affluent and educated white people
- small upscale businesses
- no feelings of hostility
- blacks and whites get along
- middle class
- little to no crime
What event do many people come to in Chestnut Hill which acts as a diverse social scene?
The Farmers Market
Describe Mount Airy
- more integrated neighbor hood
- black mostly middle class
- exterior bars on windows
- state run liquor pizza parlors
- sense of defensiveness in middle class
- whites avoid public spaces (basketball courts)
- safe low crime
- further down buildings not maintained
- deeper in looking out for “street element”
- high schools mostly black with street element liquor stores nearby police car parked on corner
Describe the mentality of people living in Chelten and Germantown
- disregard for the law is visable (drink from bottle in street)
- rich man tries to flaunt it
- diverse in class and race
- less respect for codes of civil behavior
- robbery and gunfire
- people have guns
Which location acts as a large drug exchange area. There is a large mural on one wall.
Vernon Park
What are areas called that invite violence?
Staging Areas
Describe Chelten
- food stamps
- isolation of black poor
- “little people” - owners of small businesses
- not much violence
- residential areas with strip malls
- police station, state employment
What is the most dangerous place in Philidelphia?
Broad St. And Erie Avenue with German Avenue
Describe Germantown
- extremely poor
- Hyper Ghetto
- criminal businesses
- lots of security guards
- drug deal and gambling in the open air
- “watch your back”
- try to avoid violence (stop car in front of you don’t complain)
- public decency gets little respect
- liquor on streets
- woman on welfare
- eligible men = scarce
- iron bars
- take what you want from others
- bepper = possessions of money, coolness and drugs
What is the most pressing problem in poor inner city?
Impersonal violence and aggression spilling out and harming innocents
Inclination of violence comes from?
Lack of jobs, public services, stigma of race, drug use and trafficking, alienation and loss of hope for the future
What is the best thing to fight against aggression?
“decent” families with strong and loving families committed to middle class values.
What is necessary in order to not be bothered and to have more security?
Respect
Why was the “code of the street” formed
As a cultural adaptation to a profound lack of faith in the police and judicial system.
What is our ethnocentric reaction to Germantown Avenue?
We are offended by it.
What is the focus of “code of the street?
How young men use violence to obtain a sense of decency and have a moral life
Flight (movement out of the city) boarded up buildings, factories and businesses close, lack of infrastructure, hospitals and schools go into decline
Deindustrialization
Factories growing, disappearance of farm and migration into cities
Industrialization
What caused deindustrialization
Loss of 102,500 blue collar jobs (53 %manufacturing jobs) 1985 - 2000, Only jobs growing are service jobs mostly composed of woman. Men loose jobs and never return
What does the word “code” suggest?
- set of unwritten rules that insiders know but outsiders have to quickly decipher
- offers a punishment if don’t follow something will happen
- code doesn’t cause violence but allows it so no one gets killed
- violence can be administered not out of control
Code - how to maintain sense of decency and moral life where socio economic around you is going down the drain - definition of honor different in each society Calling Police honorable vs. dishonorable
Our opinion on good part of town vs. bad and good people vs. bad. Shaped by economics change
Moral judgements
What decides if you are “decent” or “street”
Degrees of alienation
Person may behave according to either set of rules depending on the situation
Code-switching
Share many mid class white society values but most will code-switch to stay alive on the street
Decent
Defy Law itself, not well educated, Most desperate and alienated, cynical outlook, lack of trust, winners vs. losers - violence
Street
Characteristics of Decent Families
- hope for the future
- value hard work and self -reliance
- very family oriented
- respect adults
- father = bread winner
- teach kids to avoid street
Sense of responsibility in young members
Backbone
Story Mr. Taylor and Family
When he comes back to the table kids sit up extra straight
Marge Skids story
- baseball bats given by Mr. Lee
- kids borrow and stolen
- daughter bullied 9th grade comes to house fist fight
- girl gets 20 people
- if they come up here we’re gonna have to do something
What do decent families call it when they have to fight?
“Get Ignorant”
Diana Story
- Single mother
- 4 sons 1 left 15 try to keep interested in automobiles and not theft
- most of his friends street
- tries to keep him inside
- took him out of school to avoid violence
Describe Street Families
- don’t care about others
- superficial sense of family
- kids not parents responsibility
- believe firmly in the code
- poor
- frustrations over bills, food, liquor, cigarettes and drugs.
- self destructive behavior
Dicken’s story
- 3 kids
- rents his own house
- lawn is wrecked
- Cares for kids but doesn’t see himself as responsible
- only attention to them is when he yells and curses at them
- pays more attention to buddies than the kids
- neighbors call police but they rarely come
- afraid him or buddies will hurt them
- suspect he is a crack dealer
children value toughness and self absorption
Maxine’s story
- abandoned house in decent neighborhood
- moves in 6 kids
- drug dealer
- kids loud and disrupt peace of neighborhood
- trash everywhere
- 2 men come police take a young man
- neighbor’s worst fear = Maxine established street on block
Don Moses’s Story
- He is a taxi driver
- hears shots every night
- good relationship with neighbors until boy borrows money and not pay back
- sister say will
- keeps nagging and Mom goes off on him
RESPECT/PROPS = important - doesn’t ask for money because try to avoid violence
- sister tried to intervene so bro not look like disrespectful
Yvette’s Story
- grows up in street neighborhood
- parents shelter her
- dad not really dad but loves him
- protect her from own relatives
- private Christian school
- wants to be a doctor
- wants to get out of ghetto
- keep goal in mind
- mom controlled who could play with
- talks way out of fights
Why is Yvette’s mom criticized
White collar job and owns a house
Gain respect by looking the cutest, having a boyfriend,, competition for a boyfriend, jealousy, gossip
Girl Street Fight
Respect is…
Valuable, protective, and increases self-esteem
Some decent get caught up in street ways in order to get honor they want, some don’t do violence but good athlete or good student
Status Passage
Gained when kids go out to street and hang, socialize at night and learn social meaning of fighting
Street knowlage
Story of Mary’s Son and Terry
- kids bully son
- tells him to bad mouth but not fight
- stand his ground
- mom there in case bad stuff happens
Share of Respect
Juice
How to increase respect?
- running buddies
- family background
- when wear something you can’t afford
- preservation of self
- not run from conflict
- stealing
- girlfriend = trophy
- payback and revenge
3 types of staging areas
1) Local - neighborhood establishments liquor store and bars
2) business strips - stores
3) Multiplex theatre, sporting events and concerts
Tyree’s story
- 15 yr old
- old house burned down
- mom = nursing assistant
- Mike = janitor
- move in w/ grandmother
- goes to convenience store, roll on him with ritual punches, angry was violated, punches guy in the nose very bol he sees.
- fights JC looses but a worthy opponent so they let him in (gets cool)
- expected to share what he has with the other bols
Who is Tyree’s friend?
Malik
Why do Malik and Tyree fight
Tyree was hitting on a girl and Malik was showing disrespect. fight creates stronger relationship
What you can’t do when fight:
- can’t hit face
- can’t draw blood
- only use hands
- no low blows
- rolling violence
Positive value of violence?
Long term relationships are formed among men
Building self image in street?
Get expensive shoes, new jeans, things they can’t afford
- appears violence because comparison side by side and wonder what they did to get those clothes
What you have is so difficult to take
Privilege
How the code administers violence?
Tyree needs to get relations with group to “get cool” have to fight to establish social relations with time.
People likable like me to establish like others
getting cool
Physically dominate
Rolling
fight that draws blood
Messing up
during fight show intent to engage and not give up even though odds are against him
to have heart
Determined on how others look at you with respect
Manhood
Easiest ways to gain respect (nerve)
steal, fight, take a woman
Can you loose respect if you have a “name”?
No you can only gain respect if fight someone with a name
Why violence?
- Anyone can fight anybody
- Egalitarian
- chance for everybody to form relationships
- everyone knows how to do it
Must be able to get along with street people
Hip
Keep out of or avoid habits and situations that would hurt chances of social morality
Square
Means of adaptation to blocked opportunities and profound lack due to lack of social options
Teen Pregnancy
Once epitome of decency in inner city neighbor hoods. Vibrant manufacturing was stable encouraged men to meet responsibility regarding familial life law and common decency
Old head
Why men want to get girls pregnant?
- Not succeeding economically
- sexual prowess
- objectifying woman
- keep personal freedom and independence
- sexual game
What is pregnancy to a woman?
Rite of Passage into becoming an adult
- no quicker way to grow up gain authority, maturity and respect
Why decent and street choose to have or not have kids?
Perception of hope for the future or lack of hope
Boys and sex
- lots of parters
- tell graphic tales
- goal = make fool of youn woman
Boys Game
- must gain girls confidence
- must dress nice
- rap = verbal element of the game to inspire sexual interests
- tries to be a man she wants
- makes plans with the girl (sometime will even go house hunting)
- shopping trips
- wants to have dominance over her
- goal to show she is head over heels for him
Girls Perspective
- dream to have a husband and live happily ever after
- friends will still try to uphold girl’s belief that he is good
- tough, independent, assertive and argumentative in public
Who’s responsibility is Virth Control?
The Woman’s
Why do men not own up to pregnancy?
- doesn’t want to give up independence
- not want to care for another
- burden
- woman discredited b/c multiple sex partners ( usually will blame someone else for the child)
- ambivalence towards to subject
Why men will stay?
- decent values
- religion (old head values)
- often employment
- family’s effect (dad of the girl because he has respect moms do not)
true of false: families with nuclear families are less likely to get pregnant than families with single parent
True
What happens in a Baby Club?
- group of girls
- inspire dreams, social agenda and values
- baby = consolation prize
- give each other social support, praising each others babies and compete (birthdays, weddings, ect)
Can create bond between mom and dad, he wants to share, also can create violence between couple
Welfare Check
Man who is cut to use every woman he can get. pimp. only cares about himself
The nothin’
Aspire to play role of decent daddy provides for kids but risk of being seen as a wimp
Good man
Is Teen pregnancy can be resolved using a moral approach?
No, needs an economic approach
An issue of:
Time and masculinity
Time : how we conceptualize the future
Masculinity: why they might actively wish to father children
Fathering children became:
an overcompensating form of masculinity
Baby’s offer a girl
Structure. She can think 9 months in future how she will dress baby is important spend more money on clothes than food for child.
Something guarantee & relationship & status
What are the Kayapo protesting?
A hydroelectric dam that would flood their town in Brazil.
Who is the leader that unites the 13 village chiefs for the protest?
Payakan
What reason do they give for uniting?
Anger that they are running all of the rivers and that they came to the land first.
What river will be flooded
Xingu
Where does the protest take place
Alamera
What age do young men move into the men’s house
12
Where do all of the political decisions come from Kayapo?
The men’s house
How do woman harvest fruit?
Cut trees down
How do they greet someone who has returned home?
They cry
Woman’s militant role:
To urge men into military action, often independent and scold men.
What is Ropni’s issue?
Men have taken land and cut down forest near his village. Kapani Kali asks them to help make weapons for the protest.
What happened to Payakan 5 days before the protest?
He has his appendix removed
What ceremony happens the day before they leave, cut a tree down to show dependence on forest, young men leave family house to join men, dance
Corn Ceremony
How many people go to the protest?
600
What does Payakan call for?
Restraint - says the evil men want to stir anger
Which celebrity comes to support them?
Sting
What is the dam named after
Death
What does Ropney say will happen if the dam is build?
There will be war
Why do the Kayapo succeed
They draw on their own traditional society
What did they video? What was the purpose?
political confrontations, Kayapo ceremonies. TO share balanced culture, not just about ritual and traditions, are distributed and watched in order to protect what is in danger. Archive in case something is lost. (have lot of power to record own culture)
How did they first encounter video?
Got tape recorders from anthropologists and media and photographic cameras. Photos they were taken because unique.
Advantages of video vs. film?
Film has complex methods unstable especially in tropical environment. Tape is easier to run than film.
How did Kayapo culture prepare them to organize for dam?
Firm idea of warriors. highly organized (Men’s house) and woman organized and children organized. Everyone part of community/group. Everything done as if going on a huge hunt.
How does their appearance organize them for dam?
Know going to be watched no mater where they go because they look so interesting.
Goal of a medial event?
To publicize it. need media there. End goal to produce media and get it distributed to make people knowledgeable about the issues.
What makes them so distinctive? How do they know they are distinctive?
They were filming them because they look so distinctive. Look fierce, intimidating, exotic, and clearly independent (do not need any help) Look different and independent.
Relationship between different Kayapo villages?
Competitive and spate. Not fusing together. Fission. Independent of one another concerned with separating self. Rivalry between chiefs. Pleasure of outdoing each other (holistic and sociocentric but chiefs use powers of speech to out do each other) pleasure in competition.
What did Terry Turner believe that video would produce a new generation of leaders without undermining the existing authority of elder community leaders?
Skill which younger men could use politically.
How does Turner describe his position as an anthropologist in relation to the Kayapo? Why is it difficult for him to be a cultural relativist?
Cultural relativism - judging a culture by its culture standards rather than your own opposite is ethnocentric 0 judging with own set of standards. He is not interested in the views of the Brazilians Only looks at views of Kayapo on the project (not morally neutral like cultural relativism can’t just study it feels morally obligated to jump in. Intervene. Partisan.
What was Turner’s goal in helping the Kayapo to make this film?
To raise Kayapo consciousness about the nature of their own culture as a produce of collective social action and value political struggle in which the use of video would them help. Explain using/employing video is optimal of satisfying indigent, theoretical and general political goals
What kinds of problems did the video cameras cause for the Kayapo? How did video cameras actually alter Kayapo society?
Not shared became private property. Payakan rejected from the society. Thought young boys get power but burned out and rejected. Old men keep the most power still because know how to hold people together.
In what significantly Kayapo ways did the making of videos differ from the activity of hunting?
Hunting = cooperative and share
Video - weren’t shared privatized
What reasons did they video tape?
political, cultural and historical
Project that taught them to use video cameras
Mekaron Opoi Djoi headed by Dr. Olyimpio Serrra
Describe Mentutine Conflict
Younger leader gets to edit video and comes back gets to keep camera
Older leader angry thinks should get camera
They are both shunned from the clan because of their differences.
No one has video camera in Mentjakin since then
Kbemake
Successful. Chief’s son learned video and editing in Sao Paulo
0 expert
- no rivalries because young and son of a leader
A’uke Problme
Payakan not let help because think own community was against him finding way to blame his supporters for sanctions inspiring a general rejection of his leadership.
But Mokika says yes and good video person.
Keptin leaders share or keep cameras to self
Keep cameras to self
An ethnocentric process that acts as a standard of measurement. It is culturally specific:
Progress
How do we perceive progress
Through the presence/absence of technology and property
Is progress universally present?
No and it is not necessary
How many hours do the Hadaza work a day in Tansania W Africa and about their diet?
2 hours. plant based diet, high in good fats low in bad. no hunger or starvation
Compare cost of producing calories in US and New Guinea?
Takes less time to produce calaries in New Guinea. Amount of labor vs. what get out less in New Guinea. More calories produced in US we have access to more energy but use more energy.
What are basic characteristics of society experiencing progress?
Have to be willing to work more than ancesters and tolerance of malnutrition. Access to a whole lot of energy (human and industrial) willing to live in denser populations and sedentary and adapt change in diet.
How does human life change as progress and agriculture develop suddenly to irrigation
There are more people working for progress to occur. Less land is needed to feed same number of families. More denser settlements
How does Human Life change as it progresses from hunter-gathering to state levels in society?
Organize itself accommodates a hierarchy. Social relation, change into political relations. Agree to engage in war. sedentary can’t walkaway. reduction in social mobility and acceptance of hierarchy in the household
How does culture configure itself to accommodate progress?
Progress not simply about technology but all things we discussed
3 levels according to Morgan’s theory
- savagery 2. barbarism 2. civilization
Number of people living in a given area.
Population density
Theory on population density and land availability
More people = conflict. Need people to organize in order to avoid conflict. Less land to work with means need more technology
Why don’t hunter gathers like property?
It cuts down on mobility
Which theory explains why hunter gathers don’t evolve the same way we do?
Boas theory of evolution
Interested in how similar to one another holistic/ sociocentric (want everyone to have same job)
Egaliatarism
Hunter gather attitudes towards self promotion
Anti-heriarchial
What is their system of leadership based on
Age and eloquence and wisdom
Over good times of hunt sisperse when less food concentrate.
Concentration and Dispersion
What idea emphasizes sharing to create social relations and authority without force?
Gift giving
Protective. Don’t want anyone to use our stuff or land
Territorial
A turn used to describe a belonging to a place, Allowed to do as the please but cannot be stopped by other people and also can’t stop other people from coming. Can’t tell me how to use my land
Tenure
Land rights - not basis from excluding others but for autonomy?
Have rights to land but can’t stop other people from coming. Freedom of not having to pay off debt for mortgage or land.
3 stages of rapid culture change
- encapsulation - loss of political autonomy, loss of econ self - sufficiency (not always a bad thing)
- commercialization - exchange changes from reciprocal to commercial (gift of salary, work, money)
- stigmatization - groups that don’t choose to change are subject of humor. made fun of. acknowledges power of a group if they are stigmatized.
