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Anthropology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which city is Germantown in?

A

Philadelphia

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2
Q

What is studied in Germantown?

A

social ecology

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3
Q

What is the code of civility and code of conduct regulated by the threat of violence

A

Code of the Street

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4
Q

Describe Chestnut Hill

A
  • The”suburb of the city”
  • most affluent and educated white people
  • small upscale businesses
  • no feelings of hostility
  • blacks and whites get along
  • middle class
  • little to no crime
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5
Q

What event do many people come to in Chestnut Hill which acts as a diverse social scene?

A

The Farmers Market

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6
Q

Describe Mount Airy

A
  • more integrated neighbor hood
  • black mostly middle class
  • exterior bars on windows
  • state run liquor pizza parlors
  • sense of defensiveness in middle class
  • whites avoid public spaces (basketball courts)
  • safe low crime
  • further down buildings not maintained
  • deeper in looking out for “street element”
  • high schools mostly black with street element liquor stores nearby police car parked on corner
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7
Q

Describe the mentality of people living in Chelten and Germantown

A
  • disregard for the law is visable (drink from bottle in street)
  • rich man tries to flaunt it
  • diverse in class and race
  • less respect for codes of civil behavior
  • robbery and gunfire
  • people have guns
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8
Q

Which location acts as a large drug exchange area. There is a large mural on one wall.

A

Vernon Park

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9
Q

What are areas called that invite violence?

A

Staging Areas

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10
Q

Describe Chelten

A
  • food stamps
  • isolation of black poor
  • “little people” - owners of small businesses
  • not much violence
  • residential areas with strip malls
  • police station, state employment
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11
Q

What is the most dangerous place in Philidelphia?

A

Broad St. And Erie Avenue with German Avenue

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12
Q

Describe Germantown

A
  • extremely poor
  • Hyper Ghetto
  • criminal businesses
  • lots of security guards
  • drug deal and gambling in the open air
  • “watch your back”
  • try to avoid violence (stop car in front of you don’t complain)
  • public decency gets little respect
  • liquor on streets
  • woman on welfare
  • eligible men = scarce
  • iron bars
  • take what you want from others
  • bepper = possessions of money, coolness and drugs
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13
Q

What is the most pressing problem in poor inner city?

A

Impersonal violence and aggression spilling out and harming innocents

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14
Q

Inclination of violence comes from?

A

Lack of jobs, public services, stigma of race, drug use and trafficking, alienation and loss of hope for the future

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15
Q

What is the best thing to fight against aggression?

A

“decent” families with strong and loving families committed to middle class values.

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16
Q

What is necessary in order to not be bothered and to have more security?

A

Respect

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17
Q

Why was the “code of the street” formed

A

As a cultural adaptation to a profound lack of faith in the police and judicial system.

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18
Q

What is our ethnocentric reaction to Germantown Avenue?

A

We are offended by it.

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19
Q

What is the focus of “code of the street?

A

How young men use violence to obtain a sense of decency and have a moral life

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20
Q

Flight (movement out of the city) boarded up buildings, factories and businesses close, lack of infrastructure, hospitals and schools go into decline

A

Deindustrialization

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21
Q

Factories growing, disappearance of farm and migration into cities

A

Industrialization

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22
Q

What caused deindustrialization

A

Loss of 102,500 blue collar jobs (53 %manufacturing jobs) 1985 - 2000, Only jobs growing are service jobs mostly composed of woman. Men loose jobs and never return

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23
Q

What does the word “code” suggest?

A
  • set of unwritten rules that insiders know but outsiders have to quickly decipher
  • offers a punishment if don’t follow something will happen
  • code doesn’t cause violence but allows it so no one gets killed
  • violence can be administered not out of control
    Code - how to maintain sense of decency and moral life where socio economic around you is going down the drain
  • definition of honor different in each society Calling Police honorable vs. dishonorable
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24
Q

Our opinion on good part of town vs. bad and good people vs. bad. Shaped by economics change

A

Moral judgements

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25
Q

What decides if you are “decent” or “street”

A

Degrees of alienation

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26
Q

Person may behave according to either set of rules depending on the situation

A

Code-switching

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27
Q

Share many mid class white society values but most will code-switch to stay alive on the street

A

Decent

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28
Q

Defy Law itself, not well educated, Most desperate and alienated, cynical outlook, lack of trust, winners vs. losers - violence

A

Street

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29
Q

Characteristics of Decent Families

A
  • hope for the future
  • value hard work and self -reliance
  • very family oriented
  • respect adults
  • father = bread winner
  • teach kids to avoid street
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30
Q

Sense of responsibility in young members

A

Backbone

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31
Q

Story Mr. Taylor and Family

A

When he comes back to the table kids sit up extra straight

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32
Q

Marge Skids story

A
  • baseball bats given by Mr. Lee
  • kids borrow and stolen
  • daughter bullied 9th grade comes to house fist fight
  • girl gets 20 people
  • if they come up here we’re gonna have to do something
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33
Q

What do decent families call it when they have to fight?

A

“Get Ignorant”

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34
Q

Diana Story

A
  • Single mother
  • 4 sons 1 left 15 try to keep interested in automobiles and not theft
  • most of his friends street
  • tries to keep him inside
  • took him out of school to avoid violence
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35
Q

Describe Street Families

A
  • don’t care about others
  • superficial sense of family
  • kids not parents responsibility
  • believe firmly in the code
  • poor
  • frustrations over bills, food, liquor, cigarettes and drugs.
  • self destructive behavior
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36
Q

Dicken’s story

A
  • 3 kids
  • rents his own house
  • lawn is wrecked
  • Cares for kids but doesn’t see himself as responsible
  • only attention to them is when he yells and curses at them
  • pays more attention to buddies than the kids
  • neighbors call police but they rarely come
  • afraid him or buddies will hurt them
  • suspect he is a crack dealer
    children value toughness and self absorption
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37
Q

Maxine’s story

A
  • abandoned house in decent neighborhood
  • moves in 6 kids
  • drug dealer
  • kids loud and disrupt peace of neighborhood
  • trash everywhere
  • 2 men come police take a young man
  • neighbor’s worst fear = Maxine established street on block
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38
Q

Don Moses’s Story

A
  • He is a taxi driver
  • hears shots every night
  • good relationship with neighbors until boy borrows money and not pay back
  • sister say will
  • keeps nagging and Mom goes off on him
    RESPECT/PROPS = important
  • doesn’t ask for money because try to avoid violence
  • sister tried to intervene so bro not look like disrespectful
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39
Q

Yvette’s Story

A
  • grows up in street neighborhood
  • parents shelter her
  • dad not really dad but loves him
  • protect her from own relatives
  • private Christian school
  • wants to be a doctor
  • wants to get out of ghetto
  • keep goal in mind
  • mom controlled who could play with
  • talks way out of fights
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40
Q

Why is Yvette’s mom criticized

A

White collar job and owns a house

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41
Q

Gain respect by looking the cutest, having a boyfriend,, competition for a boyfriend, jealousy, gossip

A

Girl Street Fight

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42
Q

Respect is…

A

Valuable, protective, and increases self-esteem

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43
Q

Some decent get caught up in street ways in order to get honor they want, some don’t do violence but good athlete or good student

A

Status Passage

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44
Q

Gained when kids go out to street and hang, socialize at night and learn social meaning of fighting

A

Street knowlage

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45
Q

Story of Mary’s Son and Terry

A
  • kids bully son
  • tells him to bad mouth but not fight
  • stand his ground
  • mom there in case bad stuff happens
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46
Q

Share of Respect

A

Juice

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47
Q

How to increase respect?

A
  • running buddies
  • family background
  • when wear something you can’t afford
  • preservation of self
  • not run from conflict
  • stealing
  • girlfriend = trophy
  • payback and revenge
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48
Q

3 types of staging areas

A

1) Local - neighborhood establishments liquor store and bars
2) business strips - stores
3) Multiplex theatre, sporting events and concerts

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49
Q

Tyree’s story

A
  • 15 yr old
  • old house burned down
  • mom = nursing assistant
  • Mike = janitor
  • move in w/ grandmother
  • goes to convenience store, roll on him with ritual punches, angry was violated, punches guy in the nose very bol he sees.
  • fights JC looses but a worthy opponent so they let him in (gets cool)
  • expected to share what he has with the other bols
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50
Q

Who is Tyree’s friend?

A

Malik

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51
Q

Why do Malik and Tyree fight

A

Tyree was hitting on a girl and Malik was showing disrespect. fight creates stronger relationship

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52
Q

What you can’t do when fight:

A
  • can’t hit face
  • can’t draw blood
  • only use hands
  • no low blows
  • rolling violence
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53
Q

Positive value of violence?

A

Long term relationships are formed among men

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54
Q

Building self image in street?

A

Get expensive shoes, new jeans, things they can’t afford

- appears violence because comparison side by side and wonder what they did to get those clothes

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55
Q

What you have is so difficult to take

A

Privilege

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56
Q

How the code administers violence?

A

Tyree needs to get relations with group to “get cool” have to fight to establish social relations with time.

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57
Q

People likable like me to establish like others

A

getting cool

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58
Q

Physically dominate

A

Rolling

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59
Q

fight that draws blood

A

Messing up

60
Q

during fight show intent to engage and not give up even though odds are against him

A

to have heart

61
Q

Determined on how others look at you with respect

A

Manhood

62
Q

Easiest ways to gain respect (nerve)

A

steal, fight, take a woman

63
Q

Can you loose respect if you have a “name”?

A

No you can only gain respect if fight someone with a name

64
Q

Why violence?

A
  • Anyone can fight anybody
  • Egalitarian
  • chance for everybody to form relationships
  • everyone knows how to do it
65
Q

Must be able to get along with street people

A

Hip

66
Q

Keep out of or avoid habits and situations that would hurt chances of social morality

A

Square

67
Q

Means of adaptation to blocked opportunities and profound lack due to lack of social options

A

Teen Pregnancy

68
Q

Once epitome of decency in inner city neighbor hoods. Vibrant manufacturing was stable encouraged men to meet responsibility regarding familial life law and common decency

A

Old head

69
Q

Why men want to get girls pregnant?

A
  • Not succeeding economically
  • sexual prowess
  • objectifying woman
  • keep personal freedom and independence
  • sexual game
70
Q

What is pregnancy to a woman?

A

Rite of Passage into becoming an adult

- no quicker way to grow up gain authority, maturity and respect

71
Q

Why decent and street choose to have or not have kids?

A

Perception of hope for the future or lack of hope

72
Q

Boys and sex

A
  • lots of parters
  • tell graphic tales
  • goal = make fool of youn woman
73
Q

Boys Game

A
  • must gain girls confidence
  • must dress nice
  • rap = verbal element of the game to inspire sexual interests
  • tries to be a man she wants
  • makes plans with the girl (sometime will even go house hunting)
  • shopping trips
  • wants to have dominance over her
  • goal to show she is head over heels for him
74
Q

Girls Perspective

A
  • dream to have a husband and live happily ever after
  • friends will still try to uphold girl’s belief that he is good
  • tough, independent, assertive and argumentative in public
75
Q

Who’s responsibility is Virth Control?

A

The Woman’s

76
Q

Why do men not own up to pregnancy?

A
  • doesn’t want to give up independence
  • not want to care for another
  • burden
  • woman discredited b/c multiple sex partners ( usually will blame someone else for the child)
  • ambivalence towards to subject
77
Q

Why men will stay?

A
  • decent values
  • religion (old head values)
  • often employment
  • family’s effect (dad of the girl because he has respect moms do not)
78
Q

true of false: families with nuclear families are less likely to get pregnant than families with single parent

A

True

79
Q

What happens in a Baby Club?

A
  • group of girls
  • inspire dreams, social agenda and values
  • baby = consolation prize
  • give each other social support, praising each others babies and compete (birthdays, weddings, ect)
80
Q

Can create bond between mom and dad, he wants to share, also can create violence between couple

A

Welfare Check

81
Q

Man who is cut to use every woman he can get. pimp. only cares about himself

A

The nothin’

82
Q

Aspire to play role of decent daddy provides for kids but risk of being seen as a wimp

A

Good man

83
Q

Is Teen pregnancy can be resolved using a moral approach?

A

No, needs an economic approach

84
Q

An issue of:

A

Time and masculinity
Time : how we conceptualize the future
Masculinity: why they might actively wish to father children

85
Q

Fathering children became:

A

an overcompensating form of masculinity

86
Q

Baby’s offer a girl

A

Structure. She can think 9 months in future how she will dress baby is important spend more money on clothes than food for child.
Something guarantee & relationship & status

87
Q

What are the Kayapo protesting?

A

A hydroelectric dam that would flood their town in Brazil.

88
Q

Who is the leader that unites the 13 village chiefs for the protest?

A

Payakan

89
Q

What reason do they give for uniting?

A

Anger that they are running all of the rivers and that they came to the land first.

90
Q

What river will be flooded

A

Xingu

91
Q

Where does the protest take place

A

Alamera

92
Q

What age do young men move into the men’s house

A

12

93
Q

Where do all of the political decisions come from Kayapo?

A

The men’s house

94
Q

How do woman harvest fruit?

A

Cut trees down

95
Q

How do they greet someone who has returned home?

A

They cry

96
Q

Woman’s militant role:

A

To urge men into military action, often independent and scold men.

97
Q

What is Ropni’s issue?

A

Men have taken land and cut down forest near his village. Kapani Kali asks them to help make weapons for the protest.

98
Q

What happened to Payakan 5 days before the protest?

A

He has his appendix removed

99
Q

What ceremony happens the day before they leave, cut a tree down to show dependence on forest, young men leave family house to join men, dance

A

Corn Ceremony

100
Q

How many people go to the protest?

A

600

101
Q

What does Payakan call for?

A

Restraint - says the evil men want to stir anger

102
Q

Which celebrity comes to support them?

A

Sting

103
Q

What is the dam named after

A

Death

104
Q

What does Ropney say will happen if the dam is build?

A

There will be war

105
Q

Why do the Kayapo succeed

A

They draw on their own traditional society

106
Q

What did they video? What was the purpose?

A

political confrontations, Kayapo ceremonies. TO share balanced culture, not just about ritual and traditions, are distributed and watched in order to protect what is in danger. Archive in case something is lost. (have lot of power to record own culture)

107
Q

How did they first encounter video?

A

Got tape recorders from anthropologists and media and photographic cameras. Photos they were taken because unique.

108
Q

Advantages of video vs. film?

A

Film has complex methods unstable especially in tropical environment. Tape is easier to run than film.

109
Q

How did Kayapo culture prepare them to organize for dam?

A

Firm idea of warriors. highly organized (Men’s house) and woman organized and children organized. Everyone part of community/group. Everything done as if going on a huge hunt.

110
Q

How does their appearance organize them for dam?

A

Know going to be watched no mater where they go because they look so interesting.

111
Q

Goal of a medial event?

A

To publicize it. need media there. End goal to produce media and get it distributed to make people knowledgeable about the issues.

112
Q

What makes them so distinctive? How do they know they are distinctive?

A

They were filming them because they look so distinctive. Look fierce, intimidating, exotic, and clearly independent (do not need any help) Look different and independent.

113
Q

Relationship between different Kayapo villages?

A

Competitive and spate. Not fusing together. Fission. Independent of one another concerned with separating self. Rivalry between chiefs. Pleasure of outdoing each other (holistic and sociocentric but chiefs use powers of speech to out do each other) pleasure in competition.

114
Q

What did Terry Turner believe that video would produce a new generation of leaders without undermining the existing authority of elder community leaders?

A

Skill which younger men could use politically.

115
Q

How does Turner describe his position as an anthropologist in relation to the Kayapo? Why is it difficult for him to be a cultural relativist?

A

Cultural relativism - judging a culture by its culture standards rather than your own opposite is ethnocentric 0 judging with own set of standards. He is not interested in the views of the Brazilians Only looks at views of Kayapo on the project (not morally neutral like cultural relativism can’t just study it feels morally obligated to jump in. Intervene. Partisan.

116
Q

What was Turner’s goal in helping the Kayapo to make this film?

A

To raise Kayapo consciousness about the nature of their own culture as a produce of collective social action and value political struggle in which the use of video would them help. Explain using/employing video is optimal of satisfying indigent, theoretical and general political goals

117
Q

What kinds of problems did the video cameras cause for the Kayapo? How did video cameras actually alter Kayapo society?

A

Not shared became private property. Payakan rejected from the society. Thought young boys get power but burned out and rejected. Old men keep the most power still because know how to hold people together.

118
Q

In what significantly Kayapo ways did the making of videos differ from the activity of hunting?

A

Hunting = cooperative and share

Video - weren’t shared privatized

119
Q

What reasons did they video tape?

A

political, cultural and historical

120
Q

Project that taught them to use video cameras

A

Mekaron Opoi Djoi headed by Dr. Olyimpio Serrra

121
Q

Describe Mentutine Conflict

A

Younger leader gets to edit video and comes back gets to keep camera
Older leader angry thinks should get camera
They are both shunned from the clan because of their differences.
No one has video camera in Mentjakin since then

122
Q

Kbemake

A

Successful. Chief’s son learned video and editing in Sao Paulo
0 expert
- no rivalries because young and son of a leader

123
Q

A’uke Problme

A

Payakan not let help because think own community was against him finding way to blame his supporters for sanctions inspiring a general rejection of his leadership.
But Mokika says yes and good video person.

124
Q

Keptin leaders share or keep cameras to self

A

Keep cameras to self

125
Q

An ethnocentric process that acts as a standard of measurement. It is culturally specific:

A

Progress

126
Q

How do we perceive progress

A

Through the presence/absence of technology and property

127
Q

Is progress universally present?

A

No and it is not necessary

128
Q

How many hours do the Hadaza work a day in Tansania W Africa and about their diet?

A

2 hours. plant based diet, high in good fats low in bad. no hunger or starvation

129
Q

Compare cost of producing calories in US and New Guinea?

A

Takes less time to produce calaries in New Guinea. Amount of labor vs. what get out less in New Guinea. More calories produced in US we have access to more energy but use more energy.

130
Q

What are basic characteristics of society experiencing progress?

A

Have to be willing to work more than ancesters and tolerance of malnutrition. Access to a whole lot of energy (human and industrial) willing to live in denser populations and sedentary and adapt change in diet.

131
Q

How does human life change as progress and agriculture develop suddenly to irrigation

A

There are more people working for progress to occur. Less land is needed to feed same number of families. More denser settlements

132
Q

How does Human Life change as it progresses from hunter-gathering to state levels in society?

A

Organize itself accommodates a hierarchy. Social relation, change into political relations. Agree to engage in war. sedentary can’t walkaway. reduction in social mobility and acceptance of hierarchy in the household

133
Q

How does culture configure itself to accommodate progress?

A

Progress not simply about technology but all things we discussed

134
Q

3 levels according to Morgan’s theory

A
  1. savagery 2. barbarism 2. civilization
135
Q

Number of people living in a given area.

A

Population density

136
Q

Theory on population density and land availability

A

More people = conflict. Need people to organize in order to avoid conflict. Less land to work with means need more technology

137
Q

Why don’t hunter gathers like property?

A

It cuts down on mobility

138
Q

Which theory explains why hunter gathers don’t evolve the same way we do?

A

Boas theory of evolution

139
Q

Interested in how similar to one another holistic/ sociocentric (want everyone to have same job)

A

Egaliatarism

140
Q

Hunter gather attitudes towards self promotion

A

Anti-heriarchial

141
Q

What is their system of leadership based on

A

Age and eloquence and wisdom

142
Q

Over good times of hunt sisperse when less food concentrate.

A

Concentration and Dispersion

143
Q

What idea emphasizes sharing to create social relations and authority without force?

A

Gift giving

144
Q

Protective. Don’t want anyone to use our stuff or land

A

Territorial

145
Q

A turn used to describe a belonging to a place, Allowed to do as the please but cannot be stopped by other people and also can’t stop other people from coming. Can’t tell me how to use my land

A

Tenure

146
Q

Land rights - not basis from excluding others but for autonomy?

A

Have rights to land but can’t stop other people from coming. Freedom of not having to pay off debt for mortgage or land.

147
Q

3 stages of rapid culture change

A
  1. encapsulation - loss of political autonomy, loss of econ self - sufficiency (not always a bad thing)
  2. commercialization - exchange changes from reciprocal to commercial (gift of salary, work, money)
  3. stigmatization - groups that don’t choose to change are subject of humor. made fun of. acknowledges power of a group if they are stigmatized.

Anthropology (4 decks)

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