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Biology 100 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

True or False:

The gene pool is all of the animals and plants in a certain population

A

False

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2
Q

True or False:

One unifying theme of biology is evolution.

A

True

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3
Q

True or False:

Natural selection prepares organisms for future changes in the environment.

A

False

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4
Q

True or False:

Phylogenetic trees are fossilized trees.

A

False

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5
Q

True or False:

The biological species concept requires sexual reproduction

A

true

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6
Q

True or False:

The nitrogen cycle requires different types of bacteria

A

true

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7
Q

True or False:
Mutation was the random process necessary for beach mice to evolve from
mainland mice

A

true

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8
Q

True or False:

Some of the atoms are incorporated into carbon dioxide.

A

true

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9
Q

True or False:

Some of the atoms are turned into energy by decomposers.

A

false

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10
Q

True or False:

Some of the atoms are used up by decomposers and disappear.

A

false

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11
Q

True or False:

Natural selection works on variation already present in a population

A

true

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12
Q

True or False:
Unlike other primates, human populations are parasitized by only one lousy
louse species

A

false

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13
Q

True or False:
Coniferous forests are characterized by long, cold winters, and short, wet
summers

A

true

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14
Q

True or False:

The maximum number of individuals a habitat can support is called its reproductive potential

A

false

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15
Q

True or False:

Once carbon enters a plant, it can be turned into energy for plant growth.

A

false

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16
Q

True or False:

Once carbon enters a plant, it can exit the plant as CO2.

A

true

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17
Q

True or False:

Organisms evolve structures they need

A

false

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18
Q

True or False:

Once carbon enters a plant it can be consumed

A

True

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19
Q

Which of the following are sources of NEW alleles within a population?

a. Non-random mating
b. Mitosis
c. Mutation
d. Genetic drift

A

c

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20
Q

________________ is a directive process, while ________________ is a random

process. Both are considered _____________ processes.
a. Natural selection, sexual selection, evolutionary
b. Genetic drift, natural selection, selective
c. Natural selection, genetic drift, evolutionary
d. None of the above

A

c

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21
Q

Speciation, or the formation of new species, is:

a. A form of microevoluion
b. Responsible for the diversity of life
c. Necessary for natural selection and adaptation
d. An event that has occurred only a few times in the history of the planet.

A

b

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22
Q

The greenhouse effect causes an increase in global temperatures. This increase is
primarily due to ____________.
a. CO2 and other greenhouse gases allowing more solar radiation to
penetrate earth’s surface.
b. CO2 and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of UV radiation from
Earth.
c. The loss of ozone that trapped cooling UV radiation from Earth.
d. CO2 and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of heat from Earth

A

d

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23
Q

Which of the following is an abiotic reservoir of nitrogen?

a. Atmospheric N2
b. Soil NH4 and NH3
c. BothAandB
d. None of the above

A

a

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24
Q

Microevolution refers to genetic changes in which of the following?

a. Classes
b. Populations of organisms
c. Kingdoms
d. Genera

A

b

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25
Q

If two animals are able to interbreed but produce sterile hybrids these two
animals:
a. Belong to different species
b. Belong to the same species c. Face a prezygotic barrier
d. None of the above

A

a

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26
Q

Which type of structures found in two different species suggest divergent evolution?

a. Analogous structures
b. Homologous structures
c. Tree structures
d. All of the above

A

b

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27
Q

Fireflies that cannot communicate properly with each other (wrong flash rate)
for mating is an example of: a. Postzygotic isolation b. Geographical isolation c. Behavioral isolation
d. Mechanical isolation

A

c

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28
Q

The figure below shows species richness in plots that have sea stars (Piaster) present, and experimental treatments where sea stars have been removed. What impact does the removal of Piaster have on species diversity?
A. The removal of Piaster results in a decrease in species diversity
B. The removal of Piaster results in the species diversity remaining the same as before removal.
C. The removal of Piaster results in an increase in species diversity.
D. The removal of Piaster causes all other species to become extinct.

A

a

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29
Q

With regard to its rate of growth, a population that is growing logistically:
A. Grows fastest at intermediate population density
B. Grows fastest when density is lowest
C. Has a high intrinsic rate of increase
D. Grows fastest as it approaches carrying capacity

A

A

30
Q

In the oceans, global warming has __________.
A. Decreased the amount of oxygen available
B. Benefited corals
C. Made the water more basic
D. Made the water more acidic

A

D

31
Q

According to the logistic growth model, what happens to a population when the size of the population reaches carrying capacity?

a. The growth rate remains unchanged
b. The population begins to decrease in size c. The population crashes
d. The growth rate is zero

A

d

32
Q

Which of the following must occur during a period of geographic isolation in order for two or more sibling species to remain genetically distinct following their geographic reunion in the same home range?

a. Prezygotic barriers
b. Postzygotic barriers
c. Reproductive isolation
d. Temporal isolation

A

c

33
Q

The following is an example of postzygotic isolation:
a. Male and female fireflies do not understand the flashing patterns of each
other
b. Hybridization, such as mules and ligers
c. The lemurs found in Madagascar and Africa
d. Gametic isolation

A

b

34
Q

Studies estimate that tropical rainforests contain

a. Only 5% of all life forms on earth
b. 40-50% of all life forms on earth
c. Few plants useful for medicinal purposes (drugs)
d. None of the above

A

b

35
Q

Recovery from extinction takes about

a. 1 year
b. 10 years
c. 100 years
d. 10 million years

A

d

36
Q

By reference to the tree to the right, which of the following is an accurate statement of relationships?

a. A crocodile is more closely related to a lizard than to a bird
b. A crocodile is more closely related to a bird than a lizard
c. A crocodile is equally related to a lizard and a bird
d. A crocodile is related to a lizard, but is not related to a bird

A

b

37
Q

Based on the co-speciation hypothesis, the last common ancestor for human and chimp head lice (see phylogeny below) lived about:
a. 20 million years ago on an early ape ancestor
b. About 12 million years ago when ancestral gorillas diverged
c. About 6 million years ago, when ancestral chimps and hominins
diverged

d. About 100,000 years ago when humans started wearing clothes

A

c

38
Q

What does evolutionary fitness measure?

a. Physical health
b. Longevity
c. Relative reproductive success
d. Population size

A

c

39
Q

Which of the following are main ideas that Darwin advanced in his works?

a. Species change over time
b. Living species have arisen from earlier life forms
c. Humans arose by a different mechanism than did other species d. The earth is approximately 6,000 years old unchanging
e. Both A and B

A

e

40
Q

What growth model is shown here for each start of the population density cycle of snowshoe hares?

a. Logistic growth
b. Exponential growth
c. Linear growth
d. Evolutionary growth

A

b

41
Q

Which of the following statements is correct as the ultimate cause for Gulf Coast beach mice having blonde fur?
a. These mice had a gene mutation that produced a light pigment deposited in their fur
b. Natural selection changed the genes resulting in blond fur
c. In order to be camouflaged in the beach habitat a gene mutated to
produce blonde fur
d. Blonde beach mice are camouflaged and less vulnerable to predation in a beach habitat
e. Answers A and C

A

d

42
Q

What important process(es) drive the carbon cycle? a. Photosynthesis

b. Decomposition
c. Respiration
d. AandC
e. Not enough information

A

d

43
Q

Some butterflies can ingest toxic chemicals from the milkweed plants they feed on and then can store those chemicals in their body. Because toxins stored in the butterflies are toxic to birds, the birds avoid eating the butterflies. Which of the following is the best explanation for this situation?

a. Butterflies that stored the chemicals were never eaten by predators, so those butterflies survived
b. Butterflies developed a mutation that led them to be able to store the chemical because they needed to avoid being eaten
c. Milkweed plants wanted the butterflies to ingest the chemical so that they would no longer feed on the plant, but the butterflies fooled the milkweed by storing the toxic chemicals
d. Any butterfly allele that allowed milkweed toxin storage would be likely to persist because butterflies that had it were more likely to survive.

A

d

44
Q

In a food web, an eagle is most likely to be a ________________ consumer.

a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Tertiary
d. Quarternary
e. Both C or D

A

e

45
Q
  1. Photosynthesis B
  2. Respiration A
  3. Plants D
  4. Fossil Fuels E
A

…

46
Q

Dianne Dodd raised different fruit fly populations on different food sources. She found that after about 40 generations the evolution of reproductive isolation was under way. The mechanism of evolution responsible for this was:

a. Natural selection
b. Genetic Drift
c. Gene flow
d. Mutation

A

a

47
Q 
According to this graph of population growth in Mexico, in what year was the rate of population
increase in
Mexico the
greatest?
a. 1912
b. 1930 
c. 2000 
d. 1965
A

d

48
Q

The effect of deforestation has been to _______.
a. Decrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
b. Increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
c. Increase the rate at which carbon dioxide is incorporated into organic
matter
d. Increase the rate of carbon dioxide produced through cellular respiration

A

b

49
Q

Two populations that have been separated by a river are most likely to become separate species if:
a. Fur color is different in the two populations
b. Genes controlling ear development become different so that members of
one population have much longer ears than the other.
c. Genes controlling molecules on the surface of the sperm that binds with egg receptors are different in the two populations
d. Feeding habits are different in the two populations

A

c

50
Q

The energy for nearly every organism in almost every ecosystem comes from:

a. Heat from the earth
b. Minerals in the soil
c. Respiration
d. The sun

A

d

51
Q

Natural selection can be defined as:
a. The evolution of a population of organisms

b. A process in which changes in gene frequencies result from evolution
c. The production of more offspring than can survive in a given environment
d. A process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more
likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits

A

d

52
Q

A total collection of alleles in a population at any one time make up that population’s

a. Gene pool
b. Genotype
c. Heterozygosity
d. Polymorphic pool

A

a

53
Q

What level of ecology is concerned with both the biotic and abiotic aspects of an environment?

a. Community
b. Ecosystem
c. Organism
d. Population

A

b

54
Q

Under the biological species concept, what criterion is used to assign populations
of organisms to the same biological species?
a. A very similar appearance
b. Being able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring c. Relating to the environment in the same way
d. Having 99% of their genes in common

A

b

55
Q

A reproductive barrier that prevents a species from mating is an example of _______.

a. A prezygotic barrier
b. Reduced hybrid viability c. Zygote mortality
d. A postzygotic barrier

A

a

56
Q

Where did humans first appear?

A

Africa

57
Q

Which characteristic evolved first?

A

Erect posture

58
Q

What type of consumer is a white tailed deer?

A

Herbivore

59
Q

Which is not a requirement of natural selection?

A

Catastrophic events

60
Q

Genetic Drift is a result of?

A

chance

61
Q

Cave-dwelling catfish and cave-dwelling salamanders share a striking number of characteristics which were not received from a recent common ancestor…what are these?

A

analogies (congruence)

62
Q

Which nutrients often limit distribution and abundance of photosynthetic organisms?

A

Nitrogen and phosphorus

63
Q

Which is density dependent?

A

Food supply

64
Q

CO2 is absorbed by _______ and converted into biomass

A

photosynthetic organisms

65
Q

Keep taking antibiotic?

A

Yes, until infection/bacteria is completely out of her system

66
Q

What is one way in which energy flow differs from chemical cycling?

A

Energy flow is unidirectional; chemical elements can be recycled

67
Q

Which is not an observed effect of global warming on organisms?

A

Some species of birds and frogs now begin their breeding seasons later in the year

68
Q

If current trends of global warming continues for the next 50 years; where is it going to be felt the greatest?

A

Greenland

69
Q

In most developing countries…

A

birth rates are much higher than death rates

70
Q

Rate at which solar is converted to chemical

A

primary productivity

71
Q

An ancestral species and all its evolutionary descendants define a…

A

clade

72
Q

If Pennsylvania’s current climate (9°C, 105 cm) becomes more typical of southern Georgia or northern Florida (19.5°C, 133 cm), the prevailing forest may be most similar to:

a. Temperate deciduous forest
b. Woodland shrub-land
c. Tropical seasonal forest
d. Temperate rain forest
e. Taiga

A

a

Biology 100 (4 decks)

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