Exam 2 Flashcards
Biology 100 KU (114 cards)
The figure diagrams one of the genetic crosses that helped Mendel form his theories of inheritance. Which process distributes P alleles to approximately one half of the F1 gametes and the p allele to the other half?
a) independent assortment
b) mitosis
c) meiosis
d) chromosome crossover
C
In Labradors, coat color and blindness are each controlled by an independent locus. These loci show independent assortment. Based on your understanding of Mendel’s law of independent assortment, this suggests that these loci
a) are on homologous chromosome (linked).
b) are on separate chromosomes (unlinked).
c) showmultigenicinheritance.
d) are controlled entirely by environmental conditions.
B
Olivia’s parents, Mrs. Lisa Keller and Mr. Kevin Keller, are (A-) and (O+). You know about the IA/IB/i alleles for ABO blood type and the Rh D factor alleles, +/-. Olivia has O- blood. Using your Punnett Squares and the phenotypes of the three Kellers, indicate which of the following
is the most likely set of genotypes for Lisa and Kevin Keller.
Lisa Kevin
A. IA/i,-/- i / i, +/+
B. IA/IA,-/- i / i, +/-
C. IA/i,-/- i / i, +/-
D. IA/IA,-/- i / i, +/+
C
Looking at the Kellers and Morrisons, is it possible that Kevin Keller had an affair with Cynthia Morrison and is Diana Morrison’s biological father?
Lisa Keller(A-) + Kevin Keller(O+) = Olivia (O-)
Cynthia Morrison(B+) + Husband(O- ) = Diana(A+)
A. Yes, Cynthia and Kevin could have a child like Diana with Rh posiHve blood.
B. No, Cynthia and Kevin could not have a child who has type A blood.
C. No, Cynthia and Kevin could not have a child who was Rh posiHve.
B
Looking at the Kellers and Morrisons, is it possible that Kevin Keller had an affair with Cynthia Morrison and is Diana Morrison’s biological father?
Lisa Keller(A-) + Kevin Keller(O+) = Olivia (O-)
Cynthia Morrison(B+) + Husband(O- ) = Diana(A+)
A. Yes, Cynthia and Kevin could have a child like Diana with Rh posiHve blood.
B. No, Cynthia and Kevin could not have a child who has type A blood.
C. No, Cynthia and Kevin could not have a child who was Rh posiHve.
B
Autosomal inheritance
inheritance of traits with loci on chromosomes other than sex chromosomes
Autosomal Recessive: Punnett Square
HH; Hh; Hh; hh
Lisa Keller and her parents and sister have normal blood clotting, but she has a brother with hemophilia C (autosomal recessive). What is the probability that she is a carrier? A. 25% B. 50% C. 67% D. 100% E. More information is required.
C– 2/3 because she is not hh since she does not have it
Square on pedigree
Male
Circle on pedigree
Female
Filled in on pedigree
Shows trait
Dot on pedigree
Carrier
Which of the following pedigrees, show the inheritance pattern predicted from your rules for an autosomal recessive trait.
(Look to slides for pedigree)
C
Is the Y chromosome bigger or smaller than X?
Smaller
Any gene located on a sex chromosome is called
a sex-linked gene
Red-green colorblindness is
– a common human sex-linked disorder
– caused by a malfunction of light-sensitive cells in the eyes.
X-linked Recessive: Punnett Square
X^H X^H; X^H X^h; X^H Y; X^h Y
If instead of having Hemophilia C (autosomal recessive), Lisa Keller’s brother had Hemophilia A (X-linked recessive), what would be the probability that she was a carrier?
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 67%
D. 100%
E. More informaHon is required to answer this question.
B
For the following pedigrees, indicate the inheritance paOern predicted from your rules for an X-linked recessive trait.
(Look to slide for Pedigree)
A
Remember that Lisa’s brother had hemophilia, but her sister and parents did not. It turns out that her mother’s sister died very young, apparently of a massive hemorrhage. Which of the following is an accurate pedigree of Lisa Keller’s family?
Look to slide for pedigree
A
Lisa Keller can opt for gene testing to determine if she is a carrier for hemophilia, but it is expensive, so she wants to use her family pedigree to inform her choice. Given this pedigree, which type of hemophilia can she rule out?
A. X-linked recessive Hemophilia A
B. Autosomal recessive Hemophilia C
C. Neither, not enough informaHon was given.
A
The genetic material at the molecular level has to account for three important properties of inheritance. The genetic material must
• be able to copy itself
• be able to direct the expression of an organism’s phenotype
• generate variation in some manner
Which of the following processes accounts for these properties? (Order: Copy, phenotype expression, variation)
A. Transcription, translation, replication
B. replication, translation, mutation
C. replication, transcription, mutation
D. translation, mutation, replication
B
Screen Shot 2016-10-15 at 12.59.53 AM
Mis-Sense (substitution) Mutation
Mis-Sense (substitution) Mutation
Changes one amino acid, but does not cut off short; changes on base which changes the amino acid, but not to a stop codon
