Exam 3 Flashcards
Classical Conditioning
learning based on reflexes
Operant Conditioning
learning based on consequences
Observational Learning
learning by watching others
ABC’s of Learning
Antecedent: what comes before
Behavior: that is being learned
Consequences: a lot of what we do depends on being rewarded/disciplined
Pavlov’s Dogs
Was studying the amount dogs salivated while eating but then discovered that he could train the dogs to salivate on command
U.S.
Unconditioned Stimulus
U.R.
Unconditioned Response
C.S.
Conditioned Stimulus
C.R.
Conditioned Response
N.S.
Neutral Stimulus
Steps/Process of Classical Conditioning
US --> UR (food --> salivation) NS + US --> UR (bell + food --> salivation) **after repeated pairings, NS becomes CS** CS --> CR (bell --> salivation)
Taste Aversion
a classically conditioned avoidance of a certain food
gets food poisoning from Qdoba, refuses to eat Qdoba again
Extinction
The diminishing of a conditioned response
What Retarded Extinction?
The avoidance of the conditioned response to something
Spontaneous Recovery
The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response
Generalization
the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
Discrimination
Being able to recognize differences between a conditioned stimulus and another stimuli
Thorndike’s Law of Effect
The idea that if you do a behavior and good things happen then you’ll be more likely to repeat that behavior
Reinforcement
(ADD) any stimulus or event that strengthens the behavior it follows or increases the frequency of the behavior it follows
Punishment
(SUBSTRACT) any stimulus or even that weakens the behavior it follows or decreases the frequency of the behavior it follows
Positive Reinforcement
Increasing behaviors by presenting a positive stimulus, such as food... strengthens the response ex.) more you talk in class the more money you get
Negative Reinforcement
Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimulus.
Ex.) Having a headache, taking Advil, getting rid of headache
Positive Punishment
adding a bad stimulus which decreases behavior
ex.) spanking your kids when they are naughty
Negative Punishment
taking away a good stimulus which decreases behavior
ex.) taking away phone when kids misbehave
Observational Learning
learning by observing others