Exam 3

Question 1

Cellular Respiration Equation

Answer 1

C6H12O6+H20–>energy+6H20+6CO2

Question 2

Where does glycolysis occur

Answer 2

cytosol

Question 3

Products of glycolysis

Answer 3

ATP,NADH,H2O,Pyruvate

Question 4

Where is pyruvate utilized

Answer 4

pyruvate goes to kreb cycle

Question 5

Commitment Reaction of Glycolysis

Answer 5

First stage
Hexokinase transfers a phosphate group from ATP to glucose, making glucose 6-phosphate. The charge on phosphate traps sugar in cell

Question 6

Commitment Reaction of Glycolysis

Answer 6

Second stage
Phosphofructokinase transfers a phosphate group from ATP to make fructose 1,6-biphosphate, investing a second molecule of ATP. KeY step in regulation of glycolysis

Question 7

Energy Pay Off

Answer 7

The phosphate is transferred from PEP to ADP (sublate-level phosphorylation) forming pyruvate

Question 8

What happens to pyruvate between glycolysis and Krebs cycle

Answer 8

pyruvate–> acectyl CoA

Question 9

Why is Krebs cycle cyclic

Answer 9

steps 2-8 regenerate oxaloacetate

Question 10

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

Answer 10

Mitochondrial matrix

Question 11

What are the products of the Krebs Cycle

Answer 11

ATP, Acetyl CoA, NADAH,CO2

Question 12

Where are the products of Kreb’s cycle used?

Answer 12

NADH–> one H taken to system one in ETC

FADH2–> two H’s taken to system two in ETC

Question 13

First Reaction of Krebs Cycle

Answer 13

Acetyl CoA adds its two carbon group to oxaloacetate, making citrate (highly exergonic reaction)

Question 14

Where is the ETC located

Answer 14

Inner membrane (cristae) of mitochondria

Question 15

How do electrons move through ETC

Answer 15

1a) e- transferred from NADH to complex 1
1b) e- transferred from FADH2 to complex
2) complex 1/2 transfer e- to Q
3) Q transfers e- to complex 3
4) complex 3 transfers e- to cyt c
5) cyc c transfers e- to complex 4
6) complex 4 transfers e- to O2

Question 16

How is proton motor force generated?

Answer 16

Generated by hydrogen ion concentration and chemical gradient

Question 17

Why is proton motive force important for the ATP synthase?

Answer 17

It’s the batter of ATP synthase

Question 18

How does DNP disturb cellular respiration

Answer 18

DNP pokes holes in cell membrane letting hydrogen ions flow freely disrupting the ion concentration so ATP synthase can’t function

Question 19

What is the purpose of fermentation

Answer 19

to make ATP without oxygen

Question 20

Carbs in cellular respiration

Answer 20

carbs are sugars that can be broken down by glycoisis

Question 21

Proteins in Cellular respiration

Answer 21

Broken down to AA’s and used to to make enzymes

Question 22

Lipids in cellular respiration

Answer 22

beta oxidation breaks the fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments that enter citric acid cycle (fats better fuel than carbs)

Question 23

Equation of photosynthesis

Answer 23

6CO2+6H20+Light Energy–>C6H12O6+602

Question 24

Primary pigment in photosynthesis

Answer 24

Chlorophyll a

Question 25

Secondary photosynthetic pigments

Answer 25

chlorophyll b-broden spectrum used for photosynthesis | carotenoids-accesory pigments absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll

Question 26

Light Dependent Reactions

Answer 26

- in thylakoids - split H20 - reduce e- acceptor NAD+-->NADH

Question 27

Dark dependent reactions

Answer 27

Calvin cycle

Question 28

Where do light depend reactions occur?

Answer 28

In the thylakoids

Question 29

What is the main purpose of light dependent reactions?

Answer 29

They are the first stage of photosynthesis and they convert light energy to chemical energy in NADPH AND ATP(used in calvin cycle to file and assemble sugar molecules)

Question 30

What are the key molecules in light dependent reactions?

Answer 30

Photosystem 1 and 2 | -they have reaction center with special chlorophyll A molecules

Question 31

Photolysis

Answer 31

The splitting of water. Occurs in geranium of chloroplast the H20 is oxidized (H removed) and energy is gained in photolysis thats required in calvin cycle

Question 32

What is the final election accepts in PS1 and PS2

Answer 32

NAD+ being reduced to NADHP

Question 33

What are the products of the light dependent reactions?

Answer 33

NADH and ATP

Question 34

Where are the products of the light dependent reactions used?

Answer 34

Nah and ATP reduce carbo dioxide and cover it into 3-phosphagylcerate

Question 35

Light independent reactions

Answer 35

carbon fixation stage

Question 36

Where does calvin cycle occur

Answer 36

in storm of chloroplast

Question 37

What is purpose of Calvin cycle

Answer 37

to take energy from photo system 1 and fix carbon (carbon fixation is adding to carbon chain)

Question 38

Products of Calvin Cycle

Answer 38

2 glyeraldehyde-2-phosphate (G3P), 2ADP and 2NADP+

Question 39

what is the initial acceptor of carbon in the calvin cycle

Answer 39

carbon for CO2 enters cycle and combines with rubles biphosphate (RuBP)

Question 40

What are the 3 phases of the Clavin Cycle?

Answer 40

1. fixation 2. reduction 3. regeneration

Question 41

During what stages does substrate level phosphorilaton occur

Answer 41

glycolysis and krebs cycle

Question 42

During what stage does oxidative phosphorilaton occur

Answer 42

ETC

Question 43

What process in your cells produce the CO2 you exhale

Answer 43

Krebs cycle and connection point

Question 44

If complex IV (ETC) were nonfunctional could chemisomosis produce any ATP and if so how would rate of synthesis be different

Answer 44

without complex 4 you lose the protein complex that translocates the hydrogen ions to make proton motor force. Rate of synthesis would slow down and eventually taper off.

Question 45

Light dependent reactions of photosynthesis supply calvin cycle with what reactants?

Answer 45

ATP and NADPH

Question 46

If dark reactions of photosynthesis inhibited will the process of photosynthesis produce ATP?

Answer 46

Yes, the light dependent reactions produce ATP