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biology 1500 gibson > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Cellular Respiration Equation

A

C6H12O6+H20–>energy+6H20+6CO2

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2
Q

Where does glycolysis occur

A

cytosol

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3
Q

Products of glycolysis

A

ATP,NADH,H2O,Pyruvate

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4
Q

Where is pyruvate utilized

A

pyruvate goes to kreb cycle

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5
Q

Commitment Reaction of Glycolysis

A

First stage
Hexokinase transfers a phosphate group from ATP to glucose, making glucose 6-phosphate. The charge on phosphate traps sugar in cell

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6
Q

Commitment Reaction of Glycolysis

A

Second stage
Phosphofructokinase transfers a phosphate group from ATP to make fructose 1,6-biphosphate, investing a second molecule of ATP. KeY step in regulation of glycolysis

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7
Q

Energy Pay Off

A

The phosphate is transferred from PEP to ADP (sublate-level phosphorylation) forming pyruvate

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8
Q

What happens to pyruvate between glycolysis and Krebs cycle

A

pyruvate–> acectyl CoA

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9
Q

Why is Krebs cycle cyclic

A

steps 2-8 regenerate oxaloacetate

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10
Q

Where does the Krebs cycle occur?

A

Mitochondrial matrix

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11
Q

What are the products of the Krebs Cycle

A

ATP, Acetyl CoA, NADAH,CO2

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12
Q

Where are the products of Kreb’s cycle used?

A

NADH–> one H taken to system one in ETC

FADH2–> two H’s taken to system two in ETC

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13
Q

First Reaction of Krebs Cycle

A

Acetyl CoA adds its two carbon group to oxaloacetate, making citrate (highly exergonic reaction)

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14
Q

Where is the ETC located

A

Inner membrane (cristae) of mitochondria

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15
Q

How do electrons move through ETC

A

1a) e- transferred from NADH to complex 1
1b) e- transferred from FADH2 to complex
2) complex 1/2 transfer e- to Q
3) Q transfers e- to complex 3
4) complex 3 transfers e- to cyt c
5) cyc c transfers e- to complex 4
6) complex 4 transfers e- to O2

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16
Q

How is proton motor force generated?

A

Generated by hydrogen ion concentration and chemical gradient

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17
Q

Why is proton motive force important for the ATP synthase?

A

It’s the batter of ATP synthase

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18
Q

How does DNP disturb cellular respiration

A

DNP pokes holes in cell membrane letting hydrogen ions flow freely disrupting the ion concentration so ATP synthase can’t function

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19
Q

What is the purpose of fermentation

A

to make ATP without oxygen

20
Q

Carbs in cellular respiration

A

carbs are sugars that can be broken down by glycoisis

21
Q

Proteins in Cellular respiration

A

Broken down to AA’s and used to to make enzymes

22
Q

Lipids in cellular respiration

A

beta oxidation breaks the fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments that enter citric acid cycle (fats better fuel than carbs)

23
Q

Equation of photosynthesis

A

6CO2+6H20+Light Energy–>C6H12O6+602

24
Q

Primary pigment in photosynthesis

A

Chlorophyll a

25
Q

Secondary photosynthetic pigments

A

chlorophyll b-broden spectrum used for photosynthesis

carotenoids-accesory pigments absorb excessive light that would damage chlorophyll

26
Q

Light Dependent Reactions

A
  • in thylakoids
  • split H20
  • reduce e- acceptor NAD+–>NADH
27
Q

Dark dependent reactions

A

Calvin cycle

28
Q

Where do light depend reactions occur?

A

In the thylakoids

29
Q

What is the main purpose of light dependent reactions?

A

They are the first stage of photosynthesis and they convert light energy to chemical energy in NADPH AND ATP(used in calvin cycle to file and assemble sugar molecules)

30
Q

What are the key molecules in light dependent reactions?

A

Photosystem 1 and 2

-they have reaction center with special chlorophyll A molecules

31
Q

Photolysis

A

The splitting of water. Occurs in geranium of chloroplast the H20 is oxidized (H removed) and energy is gained in photolysis thats required in calvin cycle

32
Q

What is the final election accepts in PS1 and PS2

A

NAD+ being reduced to NADHP

33
Q

What are the products of the light dependent reactions?

A

NADH and ATP

34
Q

Where are the products of the light dependent reactions used?

A

Nah and ATP reduce carbo dioxide and cover it into 3-phosphagylcerate

35
Q

Light independent reactions

A

carbon fixation stage

36
Q

Where does calvin cycle occur

A

in storm of chloroplast

37
Q

What is purpose of Calvin cycle

A

to take energy from photo system 1 and fix carbon (carbon fixation is adding to carbon chain)

38
Q

Products of Calvin Cycle

A

2 glyeraldehyde-2-phosphate (G3P), 2ADP and 2NADP+

39
Q

what is the initial acceptor of carbon in the calvin cycle

A

carbon for CO2 enters cycle and combines with rubles biphosphate (RuBP)

40
Q

What are the 3 phases of the Clavin Cycle?

A
  1. fixation
  2. reduction
  3. regeneration
41
Q

During what stages does substrate level phosphorilaton occur

A

glycolysis and krebs cycle

42
Q

During what stage does oxidative phosphorilaton occur

A

ETC

43
Q

What process in your cells produce the CO2 you exhale

A

Krebs cycle and connection point

44
Q

If complex IV (ETC) were nonfunctional could chemisomosis produce any ATP and if so how would rate of synthesis be different

A

without complex 4 you lose the protein complex that translocates the hydrogen ions to make proton motor force. Rate of synthesis would slow down and eventually taper off.

45
Q

Light dependent reactions of photosynthesis supply calvin cycle with what reactants?

A

ATP and NADPH

46
Q

If dark reactions of photosynthesis inhibited will the process of photosynthesis produce ATP?

A

Yes, the light dependent reactions produce ATP

biology 1500 gibson (9 decks)

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