Ch 34 Circulation & Gas Exchange

Question 1

gastrovascular cavity

Answer 1

primary organ of digestion and circulation in cnidaria (jellyfish) and flatworm

Question 2

hemolymph

Answer 2

fluid equivalent to blood

Question 3

single circulation

Answer 3

blood passes through heart once in passage around body (fish)

Question 4

blood

Answer 4

fluid that circulated and carries O2 & CO2

Question 5

double circulation

Answer 5

tow loops in body that circulate blood; one oxygenate & other deoxygenated

Question 6

thoracic cavity

Answer 6

in vertebrate enclosed by ribs between diaphragm and neck contains lungs/heart

Question 7

surfactant

Answer 7

coats avoli

Question 8

basic components of circulatory system

Answer 8

circulatory fluid, set of interconnecting vessels, muscular pump

Question 9

Open system

Answer 9

Blood is pumped by a heart into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood (insects)

Question 10

Closed system

Answer 10

blood closed within vessels and blood pumped by heart through vessels

Question 11

structural feature of heart

Answer 11

• two or more chambers

- ventricles more muscular and contract harder than atria

Question 12

How is heart rhythmic beat maintained

Answer 12

sinoatrial (SA) node

• pacemaker
• **sets rate and timing that all other cardiac muscle cells will contract

Question 13

what two nodes play role in heart beating

Answer 13

SA node & AV node

Question 14

percentages of blood

Answer 14

plasma 55%

cellular elements 45%

Question 15

composition of plasma

Answer 15

90% water

electrolytes

Question 16

cellular elements of plasma

Answer 16

platelets (clot)
leukocytes (white blood cell)
erythrocytes (transport oxygen)

Question 17

what is coagulation

Answer 17

formation of said clot from liquid blood

Question 18

proteins involved in coagulation

Answer 18

thrombin and fibrin

Question 19

role of alveoli

Answer 19

gas exchange takes place, O2 inhaled diffuses through walls of alveoli and capillaries into red blood cells

Question 20

purpose of hemoglobin

Answer 20

carries 02 in blood

Question 21

bohr shift

Answer 21

cellular respiration produces H+ ions so blood pH is lower and hemoglobin has less affinity for O2 so it can transfer easier to tissue

Question 22

what is relationship between DNA replication and S-phase of cell cycle

Answer 22

during cell cycle DNA replication occurs in S-phase that happens after G1

Question 23

in eukaryotes what enable RNA polymerase to start transcribing a gene at the right place on DNA

Answer 23

transcription factors mediate binding of RNA polymerase to promoter region of DNA promoter region contains specific squeeze that RNA polymerase bind to