Ch 34 Circulation & Gas Exchange Flashcards
gastrovascular cavity
primary organ of digestion and circulation in cnidaria (jellyfish) and flatworm
hemolymph
fluid equivalent to blood
single circulation
blood passes through heart once in passage around body (fish)
blood
fluid that circulated and carries O2 & CO2
double circulation
tow loops in body that circulate blood; one oxygenate & other deoxygenated
thoracic cavity
in vertebrate enclosed by ribs between diaphragm and neck contains lungs/heart
surfactant
coats avoli
basic components of circulatory system
circulatory fluid, set of interconnecting vessels, muscular pump
Open system
Blood is pumped by a heart into the body cavities, where tissues are surrounded by the blood (insects)
Closed system
blood closed within vessels and blood pumped by heart through vessels
structural feature of heart
- two or more chambers
- ventricles more muscular and contract harder than atria
How is heart rhythmic beat maintained
sinoatrial (SA) node
- pacemaker
- **sets rate and timing that all other cardiac muscle cells will contract
what two nodes play role in heart beating
SA node & AV node
percentages of blood
plasma 55%
cellular elements 45%
composition of plasma
90% water
electrolytes
cellular elements of plasma
platelets (clot)
leukocytes (white blood cell)
erythrocytes (transport oxygen)
what is coagulation
formation of said clot from liquid blood
proteins involved in coagulation
thrombin and fibrin
role of alveoli
gas exchange takes place, O2 inhaled diffuses through walls of alveoli and capillaries into red blood cells
purpose of hemoglobin
carries 02 in blood
bohr shift
cellular respiration produces H+ ions so blood pH is lower and hemoglobin has less affinity for O2 so it can transfer easier to tissue
what is relationship between DNA replication and S-phase of cell cycle
during cell cycle DNA replication occurs in S-phase that happens after G1
in eukaryotes what enable RNA polymerase to start transcribing a gene at the right place on DNA
transcription factors mediate binding of RNA polymerase to promoter region of DNA promoter region contains specific squeeze that RNA polymerase bind to
