Exam 3 Flashcards
What is at peak performance and health? (12)
Growth of CNS is complete by mid 20s. neural pruning complete. myelination complete. frontal cortex fully developed by 24. linkage between frontal cortex and limbic system complete. Low frequency of illness and disease. peak bone mass. max oxygen uptake. reaction time peaks. grip strength peaks. immune system peak. peak physical strength and endurance. sexual reproductive systems are at optimal functioning.
What is senescene?
the process of aging, whereby the body becomes less strong and efficient
When does senescene begin?
late 20s, early 30s
what are the first signs of senescene? (6)
hair begins to grey. kidneys become less efficient. lungs become less efficent. gradual change in vision (have to hold things far from face to read, farsightedness). homeostatic adjustments take longer. organ reserves decline.
What are good health habits?
physical exercise can slow the decline of organ reserves. eating well affects future development at every age level.
what is homeostasis?
the adjustment of the bodys system to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium. with age it takes longer to adjust
what is organ reserve?
the capacity of young adults organs to allow the body to cope with exertion
What are sexual reproductive capabilities at this time in development?
men- with age, takes longer to arouse/excite, stimulate, release, and recover. gradual decreasing levels of testosterone in early 20s.
women- with age, faster arousal and orgasm during lovemaking more likely because man takes longer.
fertility declines, especially after age 30 (men have more deformed sperm and women have less eggs)
Why do people take more risks at this time in development?
invincibility fable- because they are at peak performance, they believe they can do anything. young adults are getting out from beneath their parents rules. men are most common risk takers. both social (need a status/ attention) and biological (hormones, energy and brain development need an outlet-extreme sports)
what are the advantages/ disadvantages of risk taking?
Advantages- trying things you may have never done before- discovering unknown strengths.
disadvantages- lead to substance abuse and life threatening situations
Why is drug abuse and addiction so high during this time of development? (8)
risk thrill in buying, carrying, and using illegal drugs. risky behavior. use to control stress. rite of passage. only way to have fun. social context. activities at this age include parties. religious faith practices.
Why do college kids drink? (10)
increases my sociability. relieves anxiety or tension. makes me feel elated. makes me feel less inhibited in thinking certain things. enables me to go along with my friends. enables me to experience a different state of consciousness. makes me less inhibited sexually. enables me to stop worrying. alleviates depressions. makes me feel less self conscious. **to feel connected, alleviate stress and depression, and feel comfortable.
What are signs of drug addiction?
withdrawal symptoms are a sign
What are treatment options of drug addiction?
social norm approach: a method reducing risky behavior that uses emerging adults desire to follow social norms by making them aware through the use of surverys of the actual prevalence of various behaviors within their peer group
What are 3 psychological disorders?
anxiety disorders (panic, ocd, anxiety). mood disorders (depression, bipolar). Schizophrenia
Symptoms and treatment for panic disorder
repeated and unexpected panic attacks, as well as a fear of the next attack, and a change in behavior to avoid panic attacks. Most people have had loss or abandonment as a child. Could be the loss of a parent or relationship.
A panic attack may include:
Minutes of intense dread and terror,
Chest pains, choking, numbness, or other frightening physical sensations. Patients may feel certain that it is a heart attack.
A feeling of a need to escape
**Best treatment is exposure therapy
Symptoms and treatment for ocd
Obsessions- intense, unwanted worries, ideas, and images that repeatedly pop up in the mind.
Compulsion- repeatedly strong feeling of “needing” to carry out an action, even though it doesn’t feel like it makes sense.
The compulsion is what the person does to cope with the obsession.
Relieves the anxiety by giving in to the compulsion.
** Best treatment is OCD medication may be prescribed and trying not to do the action that you’re obsessed about. Exposure therapy also helps.
Symptoms and treatment for general anxiety
Persistent and uncontrollable tenseness,apprehension- prolonged worry.
Autonomic (unconscious nervous system) arousal.-
Inability to identify or avoid the cause of anxious feelings.
**Best treatment is therapy and if needed, anxiety medication. Most effective is if medication and therapy are both being used.
Symptoms and treatment of depression
It includes one of these symptoms:
Depressed mood most of the day AND/OR
Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities.
PLUS Three or more of these symptoms:
Significant increase or decrease in appetite or weight
insomnia, sleeping too much, or disrupted sleep (since sleep is regulated by serotonin, which is lowered during MDD, sleep is not being well regulated.)
Lethargy, or physical agitation
Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day
Worthlessness, or excessive/inappropriate guilt
Daily problems in thinking, concentrating, and/or making decisions.
Recurrent thoughts of death and suicide
**Best treatment is Therapy and medication
Symptoms and treatment of bipolar disorder:
Depressed mood: stuck feeling “down” with Exaggerated pessimism Social withdrawal Lack of felt pleasure Inactivity and no initiative Difficulty focusing Fatigue and excessive desire to sleep Mania: Euphoric, giddy, easily irritated, with: Exaggerated optimism Hyper sociality and sexuality Delight in everything Impulsivity and overactivity Racing thoughts; the mind won’t settle down Little desire for sleep. **Best treatment is medication
Major characteristics of schizophrenia
Disorganized and delusional thinking. distrurbed perceptions. innappropriate emotions and actions. forms of delusion. hallucinations. laugh at sad news. continuously run an arm, rock a chair, or remain motionless.
What does schizophrenia emerge in early adulthood?
increased activity of HPA system. neural pruning exposes neurological anomalies. increased stresssed due to greater life challenges. extreme social pressure
Schizophrenia treatment
- Medication
- Life Skills
- Social Skills (Especially withdrawal in childhood)
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (for depression)
Symptoms of positive and negative forms of schizophrenia
Schizophrenics have inappropriate symptoms (hallucinations, disorganized thinking, deluded ways) that are not present in normal individuals. (Positive Symptoms)-adding symptoms
Schizophrenics also have an absence of appropriate symptoms (apathy, expressionless faces, rigid bodies) that are present in normal individuals. (Negative symptoms)-regular behavior is not there
What are common violent deaths and who are they made by?
accidents, suicides, and homicides = leading causes of death among people aged 15-25 (typically males)
What are the major characteristics of post-formal thought?
practical orientation. combining objective and subjective thought. cognitive flexibility. countering stereotypes. dialectial thought.
Practical orientation
offering practical approaches to issues. adolescents solutions might be hypothetical but adults will be more practical
