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Psych 310 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Locked-in-Syndrome?

A
  • Movement disorder
  • Damage to brain stem (pons) results in quadriplegia, aphonia, sparred eye movement and blinking and preserved convective ability
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2
Q

What is involuntary movement?

A
  • Movements that occur automatically and are often bassistic
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3
Q

Types of reflexes in babies?

A
  • Grasp
  • Babinski
  • Rooting
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4
Q

Types of muscle?

A
  • Smooth
  • Skeletal
  • Cardiac
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5
Q

What does smooth muscle do?

A
  • Control digestive system and other organs
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6
Q

What does skeletal muscle do?

A
  • Control Body
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7
Q

What does slow skeletal muscle do?

A
  • Aerobic

- relies on oxygen

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8
Q

What does fast skeletal muscle do?

A
  • Anaerboic

- doesn’t rely on oxygen

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9
Q

What does cardiac muscle do?

A
  • Control heart
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10
Q

How are muscle activated?

A
  • Motor neurons cell bodies in ventral horn of spinal cord
  • Axons innervate muscle fibers 1;1 or 1:many
  • Release Acetycholine
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11
Q

What chemical do muscles release

A
  • Acetycholine
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12
Q

Types of Proprioception of muscle?

A
  • Golgi Tendon Organs

- muscle Spindle Fibers

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13
Q

What are golgi tendon organs?

A
  • Detect strain and tension of muscle
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14
Q

What are muscle spindle fibers?

A
  • Detect stretch of muscle
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15
Q

What are the tracts for muscle movement?

A
  • Lateral Corticospinal Tract

- Ventro Corticospinal Tract

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16
Q

What is Lateral Corticospinal Tract?

A
  • Longest tract
  • Control contralateral distal limbs
  • Controls fine motor function
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17
Q

What is the ventro corticospinal tract?

A
  • Controls Ipsilateral/bilateral

- Controls gross movement

18
Q

what does the primary motor cortex?

A
  • Start of tract
  • Has an orderly motor map aligned with somatosensory cortex
  • Neurons in the cortex code for intended direction of movement and specific muscle contraction
19
Q

What is the Primary motor cortex code for

A
  • Direction and force of movement
20
Q

What does the prefrontal cortex do for movement?

A
  • Active during a delay before movement is made

- Stores movement memory and shot term memory

21
Q

What does damage to the prefrontal cortex do to movement?

A
  • Illogical movement
22
Q

What does the supplementary motor cortex do for movement?

A
  • Planning rapid sequence of movement
23
Q

What does the Premortor Cortex do for the movement?

A
  • Planning raid sequence of movement
24
Q

What are mirror neurons do?

A
  • Neurons that are active when an animal does a task and when watching someone else do the same task
  • Essential for imitating and understanding others
25
Q

What Other systems help the brain and muscles make movement?

A
  • Basal Ganglia

- Cerebellum

26
Q

How does the Basal Ganglia Effect Movement?

A
  • The telencephalon and substantia nigra of midbrain
  • Collects info from throughout cortex
  • returns info via thalamus to motor cortex and frontal cortex
27
Q

How does the the Direct Basal Ganglia Pathway effect movement

A
  • The SUBSTANTIA NIGRA PARS COMPACTA send DOPAMINE + via D1 to STRIATUM CAUDATE AND PUTAMEN which sends GABA - to GLOBUS AND SUBSTANTIA NIGRA PARS RETICULATA which inhibits GABA release to the THALAMUS, the THALAMUS sends increased excitatory signal via GLUTAMATE to MOTOR CORTEX which sends GLUTAMTATE + to the STRIATUM CAUDATE AND PUTAMENT or MUSCLE AND MOVEMNT
28
Q

how does the indirect Basal Ganglia pathway effect movement

A

a

29
Q

How does the Cerebellum help effect movement?

A
  • Helps with coordination, motor learning and balance
  • Collects input from primary motor, SMA and PMA
  • Returns output to Thalamus
30
Q

What are the parts of the Cerebellum that help effect movement?

A
  • Spinocerebellum
  • Cerebroceebellum
  • Vestibulaocerebellum
31
Q

What does the Spinocerebellum do?

A
  • help coordinate legs
32
Q

What does the Cerebrocerebellum do

A
  • Help with comments and cognitive
33
Q

What does Vestibulocerebellum

A
  • Help with gave and following objects
34
Q

What are the disease that effect movement

A

Parkinson

Huntington’s

35
Q

What is Parkinsons Disease?

A
  • Dopaminergic neurons of the Substantia nigra develop Lewy bodies which derogate and death of basal ganglia
36
Q

What are the Motor symptorms of Parkins disease

A
  • Bradykinesia (slowness of movement)
  • Resting Tremor
  • RIgidity/Reduced Facial Expression
  • Postural Instability
  • Loss of arm swing
37
Q

What are the Secondary symptoms of Parkinsons disease

A
  • Micrographia (smaller handwriting)
  • Hypophonia (whispering)
  • Bradyphonia (slowness of thinking)
  • Depression
  • Dementia
  • anxiety
38
Q

What are the treatments of Parkinson’s

A
  • L-Dopa: precursor of dopamine replaces lost dopamine cells
39
Q

What is Huntington’s Chorea?

A
  • Hereditary disease characterized by CHorea (ceaseless, involuntary, jerky movements)
  • Deterioration of basal ganglia and cortex
40
Q

What are the Motor Symptoms of Huntington’s

A
  • Chorea
  • Unsteady gait and poor coordination
  • Slurred speech
  • Difficulties chewing and swallowing
41
Q

What are the Cognitive and Psychiatric Symptoms

A
  • Insomnia
  • Diminished executive functioning
  • memory impairment
  • Compulsive behavior
  • Anxiety and Depression
  • Aggression
  • didiction
42
Q

What is the treatment of huntington’s

A
  • Dopamine antagonists, antipsychotics and antidepressants

Psych 310 (4 decks)

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