Exam 3 Flashcards
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin are produced by neurons and ultimately secreted into the blood via interstitial fluid… Thus they are referred to as…
Neurohormones
The chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands are better known as:
Hormones
Hydrophilic hormones…
Have their actions mediated by second messengers
Hormones that bind to nuclear receptor proteins ultimately stimulate____ in the target cell.
Gene transcription
Which of the following pairs of hormones are neurohormones?
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
The adenohypophysis _____hormones, and the neurohypophysis _______hormones.
Produces and releases, stores and releases
The release of hormones by the pituitary gland is controlled by releasing and inhibiting factors released from the______.
Hypothalamus
Which of the following is NOT released by the adenohypophysis?
Oxytocin
Cortisol secretion would cease if the ______no longer secreted ACTH.
Anterior pituitary gland
Adrenocorticotropic hormone, or ACTH, targets the_______.
Adrenal cortex
Growth would be inhibited by…
Increasing somatostatin secretion
Abnormally low production of these hormones during childhood results in the inability to produce gametes.
Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
Where is oxytocin produced?
Hypothalamus
Over secretion of growth hormone in children causes…
Gigantism
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the______ and promotes______.
Kidney : the reabsorption of water
What neurotransmitter doubles as a hormone to inhibit the release of prolactin?
Serotonin
Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are…
Produced by the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland.
Diabetes insipidus and polyuria are the result of a reduce production of…
Antidiuretic hormone
What hormone is responsible for the male tendency to fall asleep after sex?
Prolactin
An increase in growth hormone production during adulthood can lead to an endocrine disorder known as…
Acromegaly
Antidiuretic hormone is released by the neurohypophysis in response to all of the following EXCEPT:
An increase in platelet concentration
Which of the following hormones targets the memory glands, causing them to release milk?
Oxytocin
Which three glands and/or organs are primarily responsible for producing hormones that maintain the homeostasis of calcium ions in our bodies?
The thyroid, parathyroid, and kidney
Aldosterone stimulates the_____ of sodium ions and the______ of potassium ions at the kidneys.
Reabsorption, secretion
Aldosterone is part of the class of hormones known as…
Mineralocorticoids
The hypersecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids can result in..
Addison’s disease
Which of the following is NOT an action of aldosterone secretion?
Raises blood glucose levels
Overproduction of corticosteroids as a result of too much adrenocorticotropic hormone in the blood often results in this diagnosis:
Cushing’s syndrome
What element is necessary for production of thyroxine?
Iodine
Of the various hormones produced by the thyroid gland, which is the “active” variety of thyroid hormone that is responsible for increasing metabolic activity in cells?
Triiodothyronine (T3)
An individual with bulging eyes may…
B secreting excessive thyroid hormone
Goiter is the result of…
All of the above
a-insufficient dietary iodide
b-hypertrophy of the thyroid gland
c-low negative feedback of T3 and T4 to high TSH levels
Which of the following is an autoimmune disorder that affects thyroid gland function?
Graves’ disease
Erythropoietin targets____ and stimulates red blood cell production as a response to _____in the kidneys.
Red bone marrow, low oxygen levels
Insulin is produced by _____cells in the pancreas and targets the body’s cells causing them to_____
Beta, take up glucose
What hormone stimulates the production and release of calcitriol by the kidneys?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
When calcium ion levels are lower than normal in the blood, the hormone _______targets bones and increases the activities of________.
Parathyroid hormone, osteoclasts