Exam 3 Flashcards
A structure derived from the surface coat of an emulsion that can be absorbed to enterocytes is:
Mixed micelle
A lipolytic enzyme that completely hydrolyzes a triglyceride to a glycerol and three fatty acids is:
Intestinal lipase
A type of lipid found in the core of an emulsion formed in the lumen of the GIT is:
Triglyceride
A structure in an enterocyte where triglycerides are re-synthesized is:
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
LPL activity is increased by ____.
Insulin
A lipoprotein mainly carrying cholesterol from non-hepatic peripheral tissues to the liver is:
HDL
An enzyme responsible for fat loss (fat mobilization) in an animal body is:
Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)
Propionates are mainly used to synthesize glucose via ____
gluconeogenesis
Beta-oxidation of LCFA generates ___
Acetyl-CoA
Common benefits of lipid supplementation in animal feeds are
dust control, source of essential fatty acids, increased formula density.
Supplementation of corn oil when supplementing lipids in animal feed benefits by:
increasing linoleic acid content in feeds where as reducing linolenic acid.
What is the main cause of fatty liver?
Can’t form VLDL in the liver
What is the main cause of ketosis?
Rapid buildup of acetyl-CoA in the liver.
Which dietary modification would be beneficial for a dog with diabetes mellitus?
Increasing fiber content.
To prevent ketosis in dairy cows during early lactation you should NOT
increase feeding of concentrates.
Which is the major emulsifier secreted to the duodenum forming dietary fat to emulsions?
Bile acid
Amino acids are:
the primary structure of a protein, zwitterions at pH 7, there are 20 of them naturally occuring.
A group of essential amino acids is
Val, Leu
An amino acid that is more hydrophilic than others is
Threonine
Sulfure containing amino acids are
Cys and Met
Amino acids that are essential only for poultry are
Pro and Gly
An amino acid that is NOT abundant in collagen is
Tryptophan
A type of protein with a function of immunological protection of an animal body is
Antibody
An enzyme that activates typsinogen to trypsin is
Enterokinase
Major limiting amino acids in corn and soybean meal based diets for animals are
Trp, Thr, Lys
Animals have continuous protein turnover in the body. A main reason for this is:
Feasible regulation of concentrations of enzymes
A set of 3 nucleotides found in mRNA containing genetic information copied from DNA is
Codon
Transporters responsible for absorption of single amino acids in enterocytes are
System
Dietary proteins with an amino acid ratio that matches to the animal’s needs are called
ideal protein
Nucleases are secreted from the ___ and hydrolyze ___ to ___.
Pancreas & small intestine; Nucleic acids to nucleotides.
Rumen degradable protein fed to ruminants does what?
Becomes microbial protein.
Which end product of rumen fermentation can be absorbed in the rumen?
Ammonia
Which feedstuffs are excellent sources of RUP for ruminants?
Soybean meal dried at 266 and fish meal
Both glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids are
Phe and Ile
A correct sequence of the urea cycle is:
Orn-> Cit -> AS -> Arg - (Urea released) –> Orn … and repeat
Melatonin and serotonin are synthesized from
Trp
Protein synthesis, phagocytic activity of macrophages, cytokine production by T-cells and antibody generation by B-Cell can be improved by
Gln
What cellular system would be used to degrade a protein with a short half-life?
Proteasome
Where does the translation in protein synthesis start on mRNA?
AUG
