Exam 2 Flashcards
A section of intestine that receives secretions from the pancreas, gallbladder, and liver is:
Duodenum
A name of glands found in the small intestine secreting alkaline to lubricate and protect epithelial cells is:
Brunner’s gland
What is the name of an inactive enzyme precursor secreted in the gastrointestinal tract?
Zymogens
What are the end products of post-gastric fermentation that can be absorbed in the large intestine?
Short chain fatty acids
What are reasons of low efficiency of microbial fermentation in the large intestine compared with in the rumen?
Start with feed residue, short retention time, many end products are not absorbed.
What is the name of a glandular part of the stomach in avian species?
Proventriculus
What is the structure found in the lining of the rumen?
Papillae
T/F: There are over 60 species of rumen bacteria which can be affected by pH changes in the rumen.
True
T/F: Oxygen entering with feed particles is preserved to maintain aerobic environment
False
A hormone secreted from pyloric cells of the stomach stimulating secretions from the fundic glands is:
Gastrin
A hormone secreted from duodenal mucosa stimulating the release of bile from gallbladder and pancreatic enzymes is:
Cholecystokinin
Secretin is released primarily by
Acidic digesta
The nutrients that are mainly delivered by the lymphatic system are:
Long chain fatty acids
Which part of the stomach and pregastric chambers is the largest in the ruminants at birth?
Abomasum
What are typical sources of water for animals?
Drinking water, water in feed, metabolic water.
Most of the water in an animal’s body is located where?
Intracellular
Which nutrient generates the largest amount of metabolic water?
Fat
____ in bermudagrass hay is greater for cattle than for pigs.
Digestible energy
The most popular energy system used to indicate energy contents in feed and feedstuffs in the US is:
ME
An instrument or piece of equipment used to measure GE is:
Bomb calorimeter
What is the general function of glucose and ribose that are the most soluble form of carbohydrates in plants?
Energy transformation
____ take 70% of plant tissues dry matter basis.
Carbohydrates
Which carbohydrate is most soluble?
Glucose
Starch is assembled form glucose units connected by:
Alpha- 1,4- linkage
An oligosaccharide used as a prebiotic in animal feeds is
Fructo-oligosaccharide.
A branched polymer (polysaccharides) including xylose, arabinose, glucose, mannose, and galactose is called:
Hemicellulose
An endogenous enzyme secreted from the GIT of ruminants is:
Pancreatic amylase, maltase, lactase.
T/F: Production of volatile fatty acids from microbial fermentation prevents rumen acidosis.
False
What are the major non-starch polysaccharides that can increase digesta viscosity when simple stomach animals are fed corn and soybean meal based feed that is popular in the US?
Galactomannan
A monosaccharide with the lowest absorption efficiency by gut epithelial cells is
Mannose
Gluconeogenesis is:
Synthesis of new glucose from some amino acids and glycerol
How many ATP can be generated when a molecule of glucose is completely metabolized in the glycolysis, kreb cycle, and the electron transfer chain?
38 ATP
A hormone secreted from pracreatic alpha cells stimulated when blood glucose concentration is low:
Glucagon
A volatile fatty acid that can be used to synthesize fatty acids in the liver of ruminants is:
Acetic Acid
Simple lipids are _____.
esters of fatty acids with various alcohols.
A fatty acid has an interesting property that is both hydrophobic and hydrophillic. This property is called:
Amphipathic
Which fatty acid has the lowest melting point?
C18:2 9c12c
Which fatty acid is NOT an “omega-3 fatty acid”?
Arachidonic acid
What is a key concern when you are including high level polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal feeds?
Need to supplement antioxidants.
Which oil has an idea ration of omega3:omega6 fatty acids (1:1 to 1:3) for animals?
Canola oil
