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Human Physiology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The ________amplifies incoming sound waves.

A

middle ear

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2
Q

High frequency sounds deflect the basilar membrane __________round window where it is ________.

A

closer to the : narrow and stiff

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3
Q

Whether a hair cell in the semicircular canal of the vestibular apparatus, is depolarized or hyperpolarized, is dependent upon the _______.

A

direction the stereocillia on the hair cells are bent

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4
Q

_______ taste receptor cells detect _______ when sodium ions enter the cell through cation channels.

A

Salt : salty

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5
Q

In order to be smelled a substance must be:

A

volatile so that it enters the nasal epithelium.

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6
Q

The ________ is an intracellular storage site for calcium in muscle fibers.

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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7
Q

Which of the following parts of muscle contraction and relaxation require ATP?

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

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8
Q

Calcium regulates muscle contraction:

A

by binding to troponin which moves tropomyosin off the binding sites for myosin on actin, allowing cross bridges to form.

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9
Q

Excitation contraction coupling occurs because:

A

T-tubules propagate action potentials to the interior of the muscle fibers causing the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

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10
Q

The slowest but most efficient way muscle fibers have for regenerating ATP is through _______.

A

aerobic respiration

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11
Q

Which of the following would INCREASE the strength of a muscle’s contraction?

A

Recruit larger muscle fibers in the muscle.

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12
Q

If you are looking at a muscle fiber under the microscope and it has a small diameter, is dark red in appearance and has many mitochondria, you are looking at what type of muscle fiber?

A

slow twitch oxidative

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13
Q

Which of the following is a possible reason for muscle fatigue?

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

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14
Q

Which of the following plasma proteins produced by the liver plays a role in blood clotting?

A

fibrinogen

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15
Q

How does the biconcave shape of red blood cells INCREASE the diffusion rate of oxygen?

A

It increases the diffusion area for oxygen.

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16
Q

The hormone erythropoietin that causes erythropoiesis is released by the ________ in response to a reduced oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

A

kidney

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17
Q

Hemoglobin:

A

has a higher affinity for carbon monoxide than oxygen.

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18
Q

If a woman loses a large amount of blood during childbirth she may end up with a decreased amount of erythrocytes in her blood and be diagnosed with___________.

A

hemorrhagic anemia.

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19
Q

________ are the second least abundant leukocytes in the blood and their numbers increase during allergies or parasite infections.

A

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

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20
Q

Cytotoxic T-cells directly kill targets that they are programmed to recognize and are a type of ______.

A

lymphocyte

21
Q

When a tissue becomes infected the number of ____________ in the blood increases so that they can migrate to the infected tissue and become macrophages.

A

monocyte

22
Q

Which of the following statements concerning platelets is CORRECT?

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

23
Q

The second step in hemostasis is:

A

platelet plug formation

24
Q

The clotting cascade:

A

is a series of reactions that culminates with fibrinogen being converted to fibrin and forming the mesh network that blood cells get trapped on.

25
Q

The _____ pumps blood into the _____.

A

left ventricle : aorta

26
Q

The atrioventricular (AV) valves open when:

A

there is higher pressure in the atria than the ventricles

27
Q

Autorhythmic cardiac cells do not stay at resting membrane potential because:

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

28
Q

he rising phase of the action potential of an autorhythmic cardia cell is due to:

A

influx of calcium.

29
Q

The sinoatrial (SA) node is the pacemaker of the heart because:

A

the autorhythmic cardiac cells found there have the fastest firing rate of action potentials.

30
Q

Which of the following statements concerning action potentials in the heart is correct?

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

31
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by both skeletal and cardiac muscle?

A

gap junctions

32
Q

Why can’t tetany of the heart occur?

A

Why can’t tetany of the heart occur?

33
Q

On an electrocardiogram the ___________ encompasses ventricular diastole.

A

TQ interval

34
Q

During what part of the cardiac cycle are the semilunar valves open?

A

ventricular ejection

35
Q

During what part of the cardiac cycle is the pressure in the atria greater than the pressure in the ventricles?

A

ventricular filling

36
Q

The sympathetic nervous system increases cardiac output by:

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

37
Q

The larger the radius of a blood vessel the _________ the resistance and the __________the flow rate of blood through the vessel.

A

lower : faster

38
Q

Arteries:

A

act as pressure reservoirs when the ventricles relax.

39
Q

Which of the following factors would cause vasodilatation of arterioles supplying a tissue?

A

increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the tissue being supplied by the arteriole.

40
Q

During exercise, which organ would receive the largest increase in the amount of blood delivered to it?

A

Skeletal muscle

41
Q

Capillaries have high ______ due to being small and therefore have the slowest _______ of all the blood vessels.

A

resistance : flow rate

42
Q

What is the primary method by which hydrophobic materials such as oxygen, and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the blood in the capillaries and surrounding tissues?

A

Passive diffusion across the capillary endothelial cells down their concentration gradients.

43
Q

At the beginning of a capillary bed the ____________ of the blood __________ fluid and solutes _________ the capillaries.

A

hydrostatic pressure : pushes : out of

44
Q

The lymphatic system:

A

returns excess fluid filtered at the capillaries to the circulatory system.

45
Q

Because veins are _______ they act as a major blood reservoir with 60% of our blood residing in them.

A

compliant

46
Q

Backflow of blood in the veins is prevented by:

A

one way valves.

47
Q

When measuring blood pressure the pressure reading on the sphygmomanometer the 1st time you hear a sound is the __________ pressure while the pressure reading on the sphygmomanometer when you no longer hear any sounds is the __________ pressure.

A

systolic : diastolic

48
Q

If baroreceptors in your carotid sinuses detect a DECREASE in blood pressure and decrease the frequency of action potentials to the cardiovascular control center in your oblongata, your cardiovascular control center will do which of the following in order to INCREASE your blood pressure?

A

ALL OF THE ABOVE

49
Q

Hypertension is diagnosed:

A

when your blood pressure is greater than 140/90.

Human Physiology (5 decks)

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