exam 3

Question 1

Delaying delivery of a punisher is most likely to…

Answer 1

reduce its effectiveness

Question 2

Gordon Gallup’s mark test provides an operational way to test _

Answer 2

self-awareness

Question 3

Caleb sees Maddie cheat on a test and Maddie later receives a better grade. Caleb begins cheating. This is what type of learning?

Answer 3

Vicarious learning

Question 4

According to Bandura’s model of observational learning, what are the 4 primary processes involved in observational learning?

Answer 4

Attention
Motivation
Retention
Motor reproduction

Question 5

In successive discrimination training, the S+ and S- are presented _

Answer 5

randomly

Question 6

When generalization is based on abstract rather than physical features, it is called _ generalization

Answer 6

semantic

Question 7

Amy’s dog Gus sits when she says “sit” but also when she says “speak.” This is an example of _

Answer 7

generalization

Question 8

Rhesus macaque monkeys from the wild will show a _ response to snakes; those reared in captivity will show a _ response to snakes. Together, the captive-macaque will show a _ response

Answer 8

fearful; non-fearful; fearful

Question 9

Herbert & Harsh compared cats who watched a model do a thing 30 times vs 15 times. Which group did better and by what degree?

Answer 9

Cats who observed 30 performances did substantially better

Question 10

Pairing “Psychology of Learning” with words like “awesome,” and “mind-blowing” and the later positive association with classes at UCA is based on the concept of _

Answer 10

semantic generalization

Question 11

To master a perceptual concept, you must be able to _ within a class of stimuli and _ between various classes of stimuli

Answer 11

generalize; discriminate

Question 12

Punishment is usually _ following _ behavior

Answer 12

an aversive; unwanted

Question 13

In the Bobo Doll study, it was shown that children’s imitation of aggressive models largely depends on…

Answer 13

whether the model’s behavior is reinforced or punished

Question 14

According to Lashely & Wade, a flat generalization gradient occurs when subjects…

Answer 14

fail to discriminate between the training & test stimuli

Question 15

A professor rolls her eyes at student’s question and you find yourself reluctant to ask a question. This is what type of learning?

Answer 15

Observational learning

Question 16

What’s likely not due to mechanisms of mirror neurons?

Answer 16

Creativity

Question 17

Sears, Maccoby, & Lewin cite evidence that when parents spank their children for having toilet accidents they are more likely to wet their beds. What does this punishment violate?

Answer 17

Intensity

Question 18

Prior to Bandura’s research, it was commonly thought that when children watched vilent television programming, it _ aggression because it…

Answer 18

reduced, allowed for the catharsis of aggressive tendencies

Question 19

Failure to take steps to avoid or escape from an unpleasant or aversive stimulus that occurs as a result of previous exposure to unavoidable painful stimuli is called _

Answer 19

learned helpessness

Question 20

Punishment is particularly useful in situations in which a behavior is _ and must be changed _

Answer 20

dangerous; quickly

Question 21

Skinner found that if he randomly presented rewards to pigeons in a Skinner box, the pigeons…

Answer 21

developed a series of superstitious behavior

Question 22

Skinner favored reward over punishment largely because…

Answer 22

the effects of punishment are less predictable

Question 23

Research into creativity and originality in both porpoises and humans has shown that…

Answer 23

the requirement of a novel response before reinforcement can bring about creativity

Question 24

In the country of Mozambique, trained _ are being used to locate landmines

Answer 24

rats

Question 25

If you believe that observational learning is really just a variation of operant learning, then you likely subscribe to Miller-Dollard Theory which states that…

Answer 25

expressed behavior is due to the consequences of the observer’s behavior

Question 26

Stimulus control explains how features of the environment… (three things)

Answer 26

• Influence an animal’s view of the world
• Can serve as stimuli or cues
• Can activate an instrumental response or conditioned response

Question 27

Staying away from the office on certain days to avoid irresistible cake is an example of what self-control preserving technique?

Answer 27

Distancing

Question 28

“Language is entirely learned” is something a _ would say; “Language is conferred via a ‘device’ found in the brain” is something a _ would say

Answer 28

behaviorist; nativist

Question 29

Caricatures, with their exaggeration of responding to more noticeable features, illustrates the _

Answer 29

peak shift effect

Question 30

Judith Fisher & Mary Harris’ study found that if a model wore an eye patch, observers learned…

Answer 30

more from the model

Question 31

What procedure reinforces behavior that cannot be performed at the same time as the unwanted behavior?

Answer 31

DRI

Question 32

When you whistle, Loki follows you and you give him a treat. When you sing in the shower, you don’t give him a treat. Whistling is _ while high pitched singing is _

Answer 32

S+; S-

Question 33

William Verplanck’s work on the reinforcement of verbal behavior showed that…

Answer 33

What people say depends in part on the reactions of other people to what is said

Question 34

Farmer Tim installs a barbed wire fence to keep motocycles from tearing up his meadowland. This is an example of _

Answer 34

response prevention

Question 35

In errorless discrimination training…

Answer 35

the S- is introduced in very weak form

Question 36

In Bandura’s social cognitive theory of vicarious learning, steps taken during observation to improve later recall of model’s behavior are called _

Answer 36

retentional processes

Question 37

In the treatment of long-standing self-injurious behavior, Dr. Israel showed that punishment is often _

Answer 37

effective

Question 38

If Zach really wants to be sure that he extinguishes a problem behavior, rather than just suppressing it, he should…

Answer 38

arrange a dependency between whatever is reinforcing the target behavior and an alternative behavior

Question 39

According to Pavlov, dogs who learned to discriminate between similar stimuli should have ‘radiation’ areas of the brain that…

Answer 39

do not overlap at all