exam 3 Flashcards
Delaying delivery of a punisher is most likely to…
reduce its effectiveness
Gordon Gallup’s mark test provides an operational way to test _
self-awareness
Caleb sees Maddie cheat on a test and Maddie later receives a better grade. Caleb begins cheating. This is what type of learning?
Vicarious learning
According to Bandura’s model of observational learning, what are the 4 primary processes involved in observational learning?
Attention
Motivation
Retention
Motor reproduction
In successive discrimination training, the S+ and S- are presented _
randomly
When generalization is based on abstract rather than physical features, it is called _ generalization
semantic
Amy’s dog Gus sits when she says “sit” but also when she says “speak.” This is an example of _
generalization
Rhesus macaque monkeys from the wild will show a _ response to snakes; those reared in captivity will show a _ response to snakes. Together, the captive-macaque will show a _ response
fearful; non-fearful; fearful
Herbert & Harsh compared cats who watched a model do a thing 30 times vs 15 times. Which group did better and by what degree?
Cats who observed 30 performances did substantially better
Pairing “Psychology of Learning” with words like “awesome,” and “mind-blowing” and the later positive association with classes at UCA is based on the concept of _
semantic generalization
To master a perceptual concept, you must be able to _ within a class of stimuli and _ between various classes of stimuli
generalize; discriminate
Punishment is usually _ following _ behavior
an aversive; unwanted
In the Bobo Doll study, it was shown that children’s imitation of aggressive models largely depends on…
whether the model’s behavior is reinforced or punished
According to Lashely & Wade, a flat generalization gradient occurs when subjects…
fail to discriminate between the training & test stimuli
A professor rolls her eyes at student’s question and you find yourself reluctant to ask a question. This is what type of learning?
Observational learning
What’s likely not due to mechanisms of mirror neurons?
Creativity
Sears, Maccoby, & Lewin cite evidence that when parents spank their children for having toilet accidents they are more likely to wet their beds. What does this punishment violate?
Intensity
Prior to Bandura’s research, it was commonly thought that when children watched vilent television programming, it _ aggression because it…
reduced, allowed for the catharsis of aggressive tendencies
Failure to take steps to avoid or escape from an unpleasant or aversive stimulus that occurs as a result of previous exposure to unavoidable painful stimuli is called _
learned helpessness
Punishment is particularly useful in situations in which a behavior is _ and must be changed _
dangerous; quickly
Skinner found that if he randomly presented rewards to pigeons in a Skinner box, the pigeons…
developed a series of superstitious behavior
Skinner favored reward over punishment largely because…
the effects of punishment are less predictable
Research into creativity and originality in both porpoises and humans has shown that…
the requirement of a novel response before reinforcement can bring about creativity
In the country of Mozambique, trained _ are being used to locate landmines
rats
If you believe that observational learning is really just a variation of operant learning, then you likely subscribe to Miller-Dollard Theory which states that…
expressed behavior is due to the consequences of the observer’s behavior
Stimulus control explains how features of the environment… (three things)
- Influence an animal’s view of the world
- Can serve as stimuli or cues
- Can activate an instrumental response or conditioned response
Staying away from the office on certain days to avoid irresistible cake is an example of what self-control preserving technique?
Distancing
“Language is entirely learned” is something a _ would say; “Language is conferred via a ‘device’ found in the brain” is something a _ would say
behaviorist; nativist
Caricatures, with their exaggeration of responding to more noticeable features, illustrates the _
peak shift effect
Judith Fisher & Mary Harris’ study found that if a model wore an eye patch, observers learned…
more from the model
What procedure reinforces behavior that cannot be performed at the same time as the unwanted behavior?
DRI
When you whistle, Loki follows you and you give him a treat. When you sing in the shower, you don’t give him a treat. Whistling is _ while high pitched singing is _
S+; S-
William Verplanck’s work on the reinforcement of verbal behavior showed that…
What people say depends in part on the reactions of other people to what is said
Farmer Tim installs a barbed wire fence to keep motocycles from tearing up his meadowland. This is an example of _
response prevention
In errorless discrimination training…
the S- is introduced in very weak form
In Bandura’s social cognitive theory of vicarious learning, steps taken during observation to improve later recall of model’s behavior are called _
retentional processes
In the treatment of long-standing self-injurious behavior, Dr. Israel showed that punishment is often _
effective
If Zach really wants to be sure that he extinguishes a problem behavior, rather than just suppressing it, he should…
arrange a dependency between whatever is reinforcing the target behavior and an alternative behavior
According to Pavlov, dogs who learned to discriminate between similar stimuli should have ‘radiation’ areas of the brain that…
do not overlap at all
