exam 3 Flashcards
Delaying delivery of a punisher is most likely to…
reduce its effectiveness
Gordon Gallup’s mark test provides an operational way to test _
self-awareness
Caleb sees Maddie cheat on a test and Maddie later receives a better grade. Caleb begins cheating. This is what type of learning?
Vicarious learning
According to Bandura’s model of observational learning, what are the 4 primary processes involved in observational learning?
Attention
Motivation
Retention
Motor reproduction
In successive discrimination training, the S+ and S- are presented _
randomly
When generalization is based on abstract rather than physical features, it is called _ generalization
semantic
Amy’s dog Gus sits when she says “sit” but also when she says “speak.” This is an example of _
generalization
Rhesus macaque monkeys from the wild will show a _ response to snakes; those reared in captivity will show a _ response to snakes. Together, the captive-macaque will show a _ response
fearful; non-fearful; fearful
Herbert & Harsh compared cats who watched a model do a thing 30 times vs 15 times. Which group did better and by what degree?
Cats who observed 30 performances did substantially better
Pairing “Psychology of Learning” with words like “awesome,” and “mind-blowing” and the later positive association with classes at UCA is based on the concept of _
semantic generalization
To master a perceptual concept, you must be able to _ within a class of stimuli and _ between various classes of stimuli
generalize; discriminate
Punishment is usually _ following _ behavior
an aversive; unwanted
In the Bobo Doll study, it was shown that children’s imitation of aggressive models largely depends on…
whether the model’s behavior is reinforced or punished
According to Lashely & Wade, a flat generalization gradient occurs when subjects…
fail to discriminate between the training & test stimuli
A professor rolls her eyes at student’s question and you find yourself reluctant to ask a question. This is what type of learning?
Observational learning
What’s likely not due to mechanisms of mirror neurons?
Creativity
Sears, Maccoby, & Lewin cite evidence that when parents spank their children for having toilet accidents they are more likely to wet their beds. What does this punishment violate?
Intensity
Prior to Bandura’s research, it was commonly thought that when children watched vilent television programming, it _ aggression because it…
reduced, allowed for the catharsis of aggressive tendencies
Failure to take steps to avoid or escape from an unpleasant or aversive stimulus that occurs as a result of previous exposure to unavoidable painful stimuli is called _
learned helpessness
Punishment is particularly useful in situations in which a behavior is _ and must be changed _
dangerous; quickly
Skinner found that if he randomly presented rewards to pigeons in a Skinner box, the pigeons…
developed a series of superstitious behavior
Skinner favored reward over punishment largely because…
the effects of punishment are less predictable
Research into creativity and originality in both porpoises and humans has shown that…
the requirement of a novel response before reinforcement can bring about creativity
In the country of Mozambique, trained _ are being used to locate landmines
rats
