exam 1

Question 1

Habituation is a type of _

Answer 1

non-associative learning

Question 2

With the discovery of _, the theory of natural selection was updated and given a mechanism for _

Answer 2

genes; heritability

Question 3

The principle of classical conditioning where the capacity to distinguish between similar but distinct stimuli is what?

Answer 3

discrimination

Question 4

Modal action patterns are induced by events called

Answer 4

releasers

Question 5

An experimental study is better than a correlational study if our goal is to discover whether changes in one variable..

Answer 5

causes changes in a second variable

Question 6

Learning is best defined as “a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to _”

Answer 6

experience

Question 7

Jessica laughs at Caleb after his attempted courtship. In classical conditioning terms, this is _ conditioning

Answer 7

trace

Question 8

Jessica laughs at Caleb after his attempted courtship. In classical conditioning terms, Caleb blushing when he sees Jessica means Jessica has become a…

Answer 8

CS for blushing

Question 9

Spontaneous recovery is associated with

Answer 9

extinction

Question 10

What’s a statement a behaviorist would never agree with?

Answer 10

“Mental events should be the focus of research”

Question 11

According to behaviorists, do we need to be aware that the CS and US are being paired in order to learn a CR?

Answer 11

No; behaviorists believed association between CS & US occurs automatically

Question 12

Nativism is to _ and Empiricism is to _

Answer 12

innate knowledge, experience

Question 13

The fact that spontaneous recovery often occurs shows that…

Answer 13

extinction does not necessarily cause the unlearning of an association between CS and US

Question 14

Consistently electrocuting John but inconsistently electrocuting Jalyn will show a _ CR in _ than _

Answer 14

stronger, John, Jalyn

Question 15

A developed fear response to Mozart’s music that also occurs to any classical music is known as _

Answer 15

generalization

Question 16

As a behavioral therapist you focus on the _ of behavior as the purpose of that behavior. You are largely unconcerned with _

Answer 16

function, hypothetical constructs

Question 17

Laws and principles differ in that laws are _ and principles are _

Answer 17

Laws- accurate beyond a doubt

Principles- predictable the majority of the time

Question 18

In Pavlovian conditioning, contiguity usually refers to the…

Answer 18

time between CS and US

Question 19

A _ is a collection of related statements whose main function is to summarize and explain observations

Answer 19

theory

Question 20

A dog showing a fear response again to cats after a period of extinguished response can be explain how?

Answer 20

He has shown spontaneous recovery of the fear response

Question 21

What is CER, by definition?

Answer 21

An emotional response like anxiety or happiness, set off by a CS

Question 22

The ‘ABC’ description of the functional analysis of behavior:

Answer 22

Antecedents
Behavior
Consequences

Question 23

Immediate exposure of one stimuli with another, like a light illuminating a mirror, is a _ schedule of CS-US pairing.

Answer 23

simultaneous

Question 24

Pavlovian conditioning is also called _ conditioning

Answer 24

Associative

Classical

Question 25

With respect to learning, the theory of biological preparedness states that…

Answer 25

humans have evolved to learn certain kinds of associations very easily

Question 26

A researcher conducted an experiment to see if increasing water consumption lessens the visible effects of rosacea. The dependent variable was…

Answer 26

the visible effects of the skin

Question 27

The researcher who might have become known as the American Pavlov through conditioning various emotional responses was _

Answer 27

John B. Watson

Question 28

In an experiment on teaching method, teaching Phyllis by method A and Gertrude by method B then comparing the exam scores between the two is an example of what experimental design?

Answer 28

Between-subjects design

Question 29

The experiments of Harlow demonstrated that how monkeys are reared…

Answer 29

can have a profound effect on their behavior later in life

Question 30

A thumbtack placed in a board and a thumbtack placed in your butt cheek differ in your resulting behavior because the latter is a more salient _

Answer 30

stimulus

Question 31

According to the theory of evolution by natural selection, the two core inferences made are _ and _

Answer 31

There is an individual struggle for survival;

Differential survival rates are based on specific characteristics

Question 32

If earth suffered from another ice age TOMORROW, _ would be more adaptive than _

Answer 32

learning, physical evolution

Question 33

The phenomenon of _ suggests that we should be more likely to develop aversion to novel foods than to familiar ones

Answer 33

latent inhibition

Question 34

A correlation coefficient of r=-1.09 indicates a(n)…

Answer 34

error in computation

Question 35

In John B. Watson’s famous experiment, Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat but demonstrated a fear of other furry white objects. This is an example of _

Answer 35

stimulus generalization

Question 36

In an experiment on temp and aggressive behavior, recording behavior at 70°F and again at 90°F+ is an example of what experimental design?`

Answer 36

Within-subject design

Question 37

Associating a fear-inducing childhood experience with a goalie mask means the goalie mask has become a…

Answer 37

a CS for fear

Question 38

When two stimuli are presented with an US multiple times but one stimuli is an effective CS while the other is not, one stimuli is _ the other

Answer 38

overshadowing