Exam 3 Flashcards
Arringatore, Cortana, Republic
represents the magistrate, raising his arms to address assembly, this is an example of etruscan art, using bronze casting. this may look roman because of the short toga and high laced boots. his hair close cropped and his face shows signs of aging, similar to portraits produced in rome.
Sanctuary of Fortuna, Palestrina, Republic
the most innovative use of concrete. this was made to represent the goddess of good fortune. this structure spreads out over several terraces leading up the hillside to the tholos. the construction method is roman. it also has ramps, shops and porticos.
Villa of Mysteries, Pompeii, Republic
archaeologists believe this chamber was used to celebrate, in private, the rites of the greek god, dionysus. he was the focus of an unofficial mystery religion popular among the women of italy. (interacting w/ mythological figures)
2nd Style
House of Vettii, Pompeii, Early Empire
Augustus, Primaporta, Early Empire
this is a classical greek statue which shows him as a never aging god (emperor in armor, role as general) he is wearing armor that has little sculptures on the front. representing everything he’s accomplished
Ara Pacis of Augustus, Rome, Early Empire
this celebrates the emperor’s most important achievement. the establishment of peace. made of 4 panels on west and east ends. depict carefully selected mythological subjects (including a relief of aeneas making a sacrifice). aeneas is one of august’s forefathers. and the connection between them is a key element of august’s political ideology for his new golden age.
Ara Pacis of Augustus, Rome, Early Empire, Depiction of Family
archeologists believe is showing the inaugural ceremony of BCE, when work on the altar began. Children are also shown for the first time on a state monument. Augustus allowed this because he was afraid of the decline in the birthrates among Roman nobility
Golden House of Nero, Rome, Early Empire
Nero (stepson and successor of claudius) was emperor, a great fire destroyed large sections of rome. afterward, he claimed a hug epart of the land in the center of rome. built a luxurious new palace. and hired architect engineers- severus and Celer to help design and construct
Colosseum, Rome, Early Empire
holds 50,000 people. gladitorial combats and animal hunts took place here. represents rome more than any other building
Arch of Titus, Rome, Early Empire
titus died, and his younger brother, domitian, succeeded him. he created an arch in honor of titus on the sacred way leading into the republican forum romanary.
Arch of Titus, spoils of jerusalem, Rome, Italy
The reliefs inside the bay of the arch of titus commemorate the emperor’s conquest of Judaea. here, roman soldiers carry in triumph the spoils taken from the jewish temple in jerusalem
Arch of Titus, Triumph of Titus, Rome, Italy
Victory crowns Titus in his triumphal chariot. also present are personifications of honor and valor in this first known instance of intermingling of human and divine figures in a roman historical relief
Column of Trajan, Rome, High Empire
Tells the story of the dacian wars
served as trajan’s tomb
continuous narration
Explanation: First imperial forum, Trajan invades modern day Romania and conquers the Dacians and carts mountains of gold and silver and declares 100 days of games. Link, pass through Julius to Augustus. Repeats visual elements to link himself to Augustus, Trajan’s Forum is the largest
Explanation: 125’ tall, 155 scenes across from 650’ with 2500 figures, shows Trajan campaign against the Dacians, statue of st peter on top but used to be Trajan, looks like a story scroll, start with crossing into the river.
Pantheon of Hadrian, Rome, High Empire
the interior symbolized both the orb of the earth and the vault of the heavens
temple to all gods (pan)
contains of 8 corinthian colums, and columnar porch
Explanation: temple dedicated to all of the gods, inscription gives credit to Marcus Agrippa, who built the first pantheon, roofed with a dome, oculus, coffered ceiling, stepped dome, portico, rotunda
Interior of the Pantheon, Rome, High Empire
Coffered dome of the pantheon is 142 feet in diameter and 142 feet high. light entereing through its oculus forms a circular beam that moves across the dome as the sun moves across the sky
Base of Antoninus Pius, Rome, High Empire
this representation of the joint apotheosis of antoninus pius and faustina the elder, is firmly in the classical tradition with it’s elegant well proportioned figures, personifications and single ground line.
Explanation: being turned into gods, imperial eagles, two figures, obelisk, idealized, military display, personification of the Greek world by using Athena, amazon by exposing a boob, extreme classical
Decursio, Pedestal of the column of Antoninus Pius, Rome High Empire
the Antonine decursio reliefs break sharply with classical art conventions. the ground is the whole surface of the relief, and the figures stand on floating patches of earth.
Plebian art
Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius, Rome, High Empire
omnipotent conquerer
stretches out arm in gesture of clemency
larger than life size bronze statue
Explanation: forced to fight off barbarian invasions, been standing forever, completely influential, granting mercy, horse has lifted hoof to stomp on barbarian
Mummy Portrait, Faiyum, Egypt, High Empire
portrait shows priest of serapis from hawara, egypt
in roman times th eegyptions continued to bury dead in mummy cases but painted portraits replaced the traditional masks
the painting medium is ecaustic - colors mixed with hot wax
Severan Family, Faiyum, Egypt, Late Empire
painting was discovered in egypt, created in tempera
pigments in egg yolk on wood
portrait is of tondo
the painting shows severus with his wife, julia domna and their two sons carcalla and greta
Caracalla, Late Empire
the mean brother
brow is knotted
had his youger brother murdered
Explanation: emperor that wants you to fear him, short beard and short haircut, showing himself as a soldier.
Tetrarchs, Venice, Late Empire
diocletian established the tetrarchy to bring order to the roman world
Portraits of the four tetrarchs, from Constantinople, now Saint Mark’s, Venice, Porphyry
Arch of Constantine, Rome, Late Empire
triple passageway arch
the largest setup in rome. since the end of the severan dynasty
Explanation: Bigger, 3 Arches, Highly decorated, not making big art anymore, borrowed art from other monuments, classical, veristic, plebian
Colossus of Constantine, Rome, Late Empire
has the augustan look/ hairstyle
Catacomb of Saints Peter and Marcellinus, Rome, Early Christian
subjects come from hebrew scriputres and the new testament
consists of the true story of jonah and grants frescoed ceiling
Santa Costanza, Rome, Constantine, Early Christian
Explanation: keeping decorations on the interior instead of exterior.
-possibly built as the mausoleum of constantine’s daughter
-later became a church
its central plan with a dormed interior
Santa Costanza, Rome, Constantine, Early Christian
Harvesting Grapes, Making Wine representing Christ’s blood
Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna Honorius, Early Christian
Explanation: colors are true, celadon, gold, midnight blue, cross, dome, very artistic
shows Christ as a good shepherd
Rebecca at the Well, Vienna Genesis, Early Christian
book of genesis
classical motifs
servant, Eliezer, was sent out to find a wife and he ended up finding Rebecca at a well. she was the first woman to give him and his camels water
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Justinian, Early Byzantine
has a design featuring an off-axis narthex and two concentric octagons
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of miletus) justinian, early byzantine
combined two independent architectural traditions: the vertically oriented central plan building and the longitudinally oriented basilica
Hagia Sophia (interior), Istanbul, Justinian, Early Byzantine
someone said the dome seemed to be suspended on “a golden chain from heaven”
San Vitale, Ravenna, Justinian, Early Byzantine
shows Christ of His second arrival, extending the Gold martyr’s wreath to Saint Vitalis
the 4 rivers of paradise flow beneath, and rainbow clouds float above as He sits upon the earth
San Vitale (choir and apse) , Ravenna, Justinian, Early Byzantine
shows Christ of His second arrival, extending the Gold martyr’s wreath to Saint Vitalis
the 4 rivers of paradise flow beneath, and rainbow clouds float above as He sits upon the earth
San Vitale (Bishop Maximianus and attendants), Ravenna, Justinian, Early Byzantine
Maximianus is responsible for the completion of San Vitale
emperor is in the center wearing a purple robe and halo
Transfiguration Mt. Sinai, Justinian, Early Byzantine
Jesus appears in a deep blue almond shaped mandorla(areole of light)
- John, Peter, and James are at His feet
- left and right of Him are Elijah and Moses
- saints and prophets frame the whole scene
Virgin and Child Icon, Mt Sinai, Justinian, Early Byzantine
virgin is Theotokos
- child is between Saints, Theodore and George
- encaustic on wood
- in the background are saints, the virgin and Christ
2nd commandment : you shall not make for yourself an idol, whether in the form of anything that is in heaven above, or that is on the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth Iconoclasts (Icon Breakers) Iconodules (Icon Adorers) Readings: St. Theodors, on holy images pope Gregory, on the destruction of images. Venerate relics (part of a holy person)
Church of Dormnition, Daphni, Mididle Byzantine
the dome rests on an octagon formed by squinches
Church of Dormition, Daphni, Middle Byzantine (The Crucifixion)
hellenistic and pictorial style
: -the virgin mary and saint John point to Christ on the cross as if to a devotional object
Harrowing of Hell, Church of Christ in Chora, Istanbul, Late Byzantine
Central plan, brick work, church is changed to a mosque and that’s where they add the tower. Early dedicated to Christ,
Explanation: gentle expressionism, mary look sorrowful, faces are special
christ raises adam and eve from their tombs, trampling satan
- john the baptist and kings, David and Soloman look on
- in the apse of the parekklesion - the funerary chapel
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, Islamic
Abd al-Malik built this (Dome of the Rock) to mark the triumph of Islam in Jerusalem on a site sacred to Muslims, Christians, and Jews
- the shrine takes the form of an octagon with a towering dome
- muslims had taken the city from Byzantines
Great Mosque, Cordoba, Islamic
- hypostyle prayer hall made of 36 piers and 514 columns to support a unique series of double tiered horseshoe shaped arches
Great Mosque, Cordoba, Dome
dome rests on an octagonal base of arcuated squinches
Lion Court, Alhambra Palace, Granada, Islamic
-rare example of stone sculpture
: -arabic calligraphy cover stucco walls
-12 marble lions carry water basins on their backs
Pompeian wall painting style
First Style, Masonry Style
It is characterized by the simulation of marble (marble veneering), with other simulated elements
Pompeian Wall Painting Style
Second Style, Architectual
architectural style, or ‘illusionism’ dominated the 1st century BC, where walls were decorated with architectural features and trompe l’oeil (trick of the eye) compositions.
Pompeian Wall Painting Style
Third Style, Ornate Style
It leaves room for more figurative and colorful decoration, with an overall more ornamental feeling, and often presents great finesse in execution. This style is typically noted as simplistically elegant.
Pompeian Wall Painting Style
Fourth Style, Boroque
The style was, however, much more complex. It revives large-scale narrative painting and panoramic vistas while retaining the architectural details of the Second and First Styles
atrium
implubium
tablinum
peristyle
- Atrium
- Impluvium
- Tablinum
- Peristyle
