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intro to biology > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

a test cross is performed to determine if a specific individual is a carrier. the results generate a 50/50 ratio of phenotypes. the test subject is therefore _____

A

heterozygous

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2
Q

when both of the alleles carry the same information

A

homozygous

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3
Q

assuming complete dominance what is the expected ratio of genotypes of the offspring following the cross of two heterozygotes

A

1:2:1

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4
Q

all life is made up of cells and cells arise from preexisting cells is the

A

cell theory

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5
Q

cells spend most of their lives in _____

A

interphase

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6
Q

DNA plus its associated proteins is called a _____

A

chromatin

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7
Q

dead or damaged cells are replaced by the process of _____

A

mitosis

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8
Q

during which phase of the cell cycle are the chromosomes duplicated

A

interphase

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9
Q

genes are located on _____

A

chromosomes

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10
Q

genes located near one another on the same chromosome are often inherited together. these are called _____

A

linked genes

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11
Q

how many chromosomes did you inherit from your father

A

23

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12
Q

how many chromosomes would be present in a human white blood cell with two nuclei

A

92 chromosomes

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13
Q

if a cell had 12 chromosomes at the beginning of meiosis II, how many would each daughter cell have after the completion of meiosis II

A

12

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14
Q

if genes are described as sex linked then they are _____

A

typically on the X chromosome

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15
Q

what cells does mitosis make

A

somatic

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16
Q

what cells does meiosis make

A

gametes

17
Q

is the number of chromosomes in each cell of an organism a good indicator of the complexity of that organism?

A

no, the number of chromosomes does not indicate how complex an organism is

18
Q

recessive disorders related to genes found on the X chromosome but not on the Y chromosome are more commonly expressed in _____

A

males

19
Q

somatic cells are _____

A

diploid

20
Q

the offspring produced via asexual reproduction are genetically _____ to the parents

A

identical

21
Q

the recessive trait is expressed in an individual when _____

A

the individual has two recessive alleles

22
Q

upon fertilization, the egg and sperm fuse to form a single cell called a(n) _____

A

zygote

23
Q

what are attached at the centromere

A

sister chromatids

24
Q

the cytoplasm is split and distributed to the two daughter cells created during mitosis is what happens during

A

cytokinesis

25
Q

a picture of all the chromosomes in one person’s cell is called a _____

A

karyotype

26
Q

the stage of the cell cycle after the cell has divided its DNA and during which the cytoplasm gets divided

A

cytokinesis

27
Q

what process can lead to an individual having too many or too few chromosomes

A

nondisjunction

28
Q

what produces genetically unique daughter cells

A

meiosis

29
Q

what separates during anaphase of mitosis

A

sister chromatids

30
Q

what separates during meiosis I

A

homologous chromosomes

31
Q

what type of cells do not undergo mitosis

A

gametes

32
Q

an individuals observable traits

A

phenotype

33
Q

the genetic makeup of an organism

A

genotype

34
Q

when does crossing over occur

A

meiosis I

35
Q

when does the cell plate form during cell division

A

at the completion of plant cell mitosis

36
Q

nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes line up, sister chromatids split, nuclear membrane forms are the steps for what

A

mitosis

37
Q

random fertilization, independent assortment, and crossing over all generate

A

genetic variation during sexual reproduction

38
Q

what process generates a continuum of varying phenotypes

A

polygenic inheritance

39
Q

what processes require DNA to undergo duplication before it can process

A

meiosis and mitosis

intro to biology (5 decks)

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