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intro to biology > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

the energy to charge ATP’s comes from?

A

the breaking of chemical bonds within glucose

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2
Q

chemical energy is most often released by _____

A

breaking a bond within a molecule

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3
Q

_____ and _____ rely on cellular respiration to make ATP which is why they perform cellular respiration

A

consumers and producers

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4
Q

during which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of the ATP produced

A

electron transport chain

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5
Q

final protein refinements, storage, and packaging occur in the?

A

golgi apparatus

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6
Q

how is DNA linked to the production of proteins?

A

DNA holds the instructions for the cells on how to make proteins

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7
Q

the principal role of _____ is to convert the chemical energy of sugars into chemical energy of ATP that fuel’s life’s processes.

A

cellular respiration

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8
Q

what is the principal role of photosynthesis

A

to convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

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9
Q

what is the stage of cellular respiration that occurs entirely outside of the mitochondria

A

glycolysis

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10
Q

what stage of cellular respiration where glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid

A

glycolysis

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11
Q

why is mitochondria useful in genetic studies?

A

mitochondria contain their own DNA

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12
Q

respiration is called aerobic because it requires _____

A

oxygen

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13
Q

the endosymbiosis theory states that both _____ and _____ used to both be free living bacteria that were engulfed by early eukaryotic cells

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts

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14
Q

the long extension of a cell that can propel a cell forward by whipping back and forth is called a _____

A

flagellum

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15
Q

the passive transport of water is specifically called _____

A

osmosis

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16
Q

the process by which molecules, atoms, or ions diffuse through a semi-permeable membrane down their concentration gradient without the assistance of transporter proteins

A

simple diffusion

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17
Q

a type of passive transport that uses specialized proteins, such as channel proteins and carrier proteins, to help molecules move across a cell membrane

A

facilitated diffusion

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18
Q

the energy an object has because of its motion

A

kinetic

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19
Q

stored energy in an object due to its position, properties, and forces acting on it

A

potential energy

20
Q

what are the main by products of cellular respiration

A

water and carbon dioxide

21
Q

what happens to the ATP molecule after it has been used for work?

A

it loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP

22
Q

what harvests energy from sugar molecules to make ATP

A

mitochondria

23
Q

what harvests every from sunlight to rearrange molecules into sugar

A

chloroplasts

24
Q

an energy molecule is?

A

ATP

25
Q

the process that releases energy from food in the absence of oxygen

A

anaerobic fermentation

26
Q

the capacity to do work is the definition of _____

A

energy

27
Q

the transport of large molecules into the cell is

A

endocytosis

28
Q

pick up high-energy electrons and carry them to the electron transport chain is the job of _____ during cellular respiration

A

NADH

29
Q

what is the main purpose of cellular respiration

A

to produce ATP

30
Q

what is the net production of ATP during glycolysis

A

2

31
Q

we have to _____ to help break down the sugar during glycolysis

A

breathe oxygen

32
Q

what passes through the nuclear pores?

A

RNA

33
Q

where are ribosomes located in the eukaryotic cells

A

the cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum

34
Q

where does the citric acid cycle occur

A

in the matrix of the mitochondria

35
Q

where does the electron transport chain occur

A

in the mitochondria

36
Q

what cellular structure is unique to plant and algae cells

A

chloroplasts

37
Q

what form of transport requires the expenditure of energy

A

active transport

38
Q

what cells contain a plasma membrane

A

animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells

39
Q

what organelle functions to break down and recycle large molecules

A

lysosome

40
Q

what processes can be carried out by animals

A

cellular respiration

41
Q

what processes can be carried out by plants

A

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

42
Q

sugar + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + ATP is the reaction of

A

cellular respiration

43
Q

a substance that goes from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, and requires energy

A

active transport

44
Q

what structure regulates the transport of substances into and out of a plant cell?

A

the plasma membrane

45
Q

cells in multicellular organisms sometimes have _____ so they can move things past the tissue where they are found

A

cilia

intro to biology (5 decks)

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