Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Lecture > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Translucent film composed of glycoproteins from saliva

A

Acquired pellicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long does it take for acquired pellicle to form after teeth are cleaned with abrasive agent?

A

30-90 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How can pellicles be removed?

A
  • Brushing with abrasive toothpaste
  • Whitening products
  • Acidic food & drink
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the first step in soft deposit formation?

A

Acquired pellicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What protects teeth from acids that can cause demineralization of the enamel surface?

A

Soft deposits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the significants of soft deposits?

A

-Protection
-Lubrication
-Nidus for bacteria
-Provides attachment for biofilm & calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What pellicle is translucent and may pick up stains?

A

Acquired enamel pellicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Non-mineralized community of microorganisms

A

Dental biofilm (plaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What will decay faster than an enamel surface?

A

A root surface covered in dentin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the first step in dental biofilm?

A

Pellicle formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the second step in dental biofilm?

A

Initial adhesion; planktonic bacteria attach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the third step in dental biofilm?

A

Maturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the fourth step in dental biofilm?

A

Detachment & dispersion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What provides the mechanism for adhesion of bacteria?

A

Glycoproteins from pellicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

compounds secreted by microorganisms that form a matrix around microcolonies

A

Extracellular polymetric substance (EPS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Holds bacteria together

A

Co-adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What helps with adhesion and attachment of biofilm to teeth?

A

Stickiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What protects biofilm?

A

Antimicrobial enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Early colonizing bacteria provide a source of what?

A

nutrients for late colonizing bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Quorum sensing?

A

cell-to-cell communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What days for Leo’s gingivitis man study is this?
- Early biofilm consists primarily of gram-positive cocci with small accumulations of leukocytes

A

Day 1-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What days for Leo’s gingivitis man study is this?
- The cocci still dominate while increasing numbers of gram-positive filamentous form and slender rods join the surface of the cocci colonies, along with more leukocytes

A

Day 2-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What days for Leo’s gingivitis man study is this?
- Filaments increase in numbers, and a mixed flora appears compromising rods, filamentous forms, and fusobacteria with heavy accumulations of leukocytes

A

Day 5-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In what days is gingivitis clinically evident?

A

Day 10-21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Greater variability in architecture than subgingival biofilm; two layers of mainly gram-positive, aerobic bacteria

A

Supragingival biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

 Basal layer adheres to the tooth
 The second layer adheres to the top of the basal layer

A

Supragingival biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

 Architecture is predominately gram-negative, anaerobic, and motile
 Changes in health, gingivitis, and disease

A

Subgingival biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Organic & inorganic solids = what % of biofilm composition?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Water = what % of biofilm composition?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the inorganic elements of biofilm?

A

Calcium
Phosphorus
Fluoride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

 Polysaccharides metabolized by S. mutans to produce glucans & fructans
 Proteins bind with glucans to support biofilm growth

A

Organic elements of biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

a shift of healthy species to periodontitis-associated species

A

Dysbiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What factors influence biofilm formation?

A

Location
Character of tooth surface
Malocclusion
Personal hygiene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How can you detect plaque?

A

Direct vision
Explorer
Disclosing solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is disclosing solution used for?

A
  • Identity biofilm not visible
  • Evaluate patient’s ability to rinse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Spit out

A

Expectorate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

o Usually from general neglect
o Loosely adherent mass of bacteria & cellular debris
o Bulky & soft resembles cottage cheese
o Forms over dental biofilm
o Product of living and dead bacteria, leukocytes, salivary proteins and food debris
o Can be removed by rinsing, water spray, or tongue action

A

Materia alba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Where can food debris be found?

A
  • Cervical third
  • Embrasure and proximal spaces
  • Open contacts
  • Orthodontic appliances
  • Bridgework
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

biofilm mineralized by crystals of calcium phosphate mineral salts

A

Calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are the parts of calculus composition?

A

Tarter
Inorganic content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the major inorganic components of calculus?

A

Calcium
Phosphorus
Carbonate
Sodium
Magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What are the crystals in calculus made from?

A

Brushite
Hydroxyapatite
Whitlockite
Octocalcium Phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the organic components of crystals?

A
  • Various microorganisms
  • Desquamated epithelial cells
  • Leukocytes
  • Saliva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What calculus is easy to remove?

A

Acquired pellicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is a breeding ground for more biofilm?

A

calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What does calculus act as a reservoir for?

A

Bacteria
Endotoxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is a secondary etiology factor in periodontitis?

A

Calculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What are clinical characteristics of calculus?

A

color
shape
consistency & texture
size & quantity
distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What are the colors of supragingival calculus?

A

White, creamy, yellow, or gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the shape of supragingival calculus?

A

Amorphous
Bulky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is the consistency & texture of supragingival calculus?

A

Moderately hard, covered with nonmineralized biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What are the colors of subgingival calculus?

A

Light to dark brown
Dark green
Black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the shape of subgingival calculus?

A

Conforms to root surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is the consistency & texture of subgingival calculus?

A

Harder & more mineralized, surface covered with biofilm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is the size & quantity of subgingival calculus?

A

-Personal oral care
-Age
-Bacterial load
-Disease severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is the size & quantity of supragingival calculus?

A

-Personal oral care
-Diet
-Salivary flow
-Position of teeth
-Use of tobacco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

What is the source of minerals for supragingival calculus?

A

Saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What is the source of minerals for subgingival calculus?

A

Gingival sulcular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What have high levels of salivary phosphorus and calcium?

A

Heavy calculus formers

60
Q

What has high levels of pyrophosphate, urea, and zinc which inhibits calcification?

A

Light calculus formers

61
Q

What is a precursor to calculus?

A

Nonmineralized biofilm

62
Q

How long does calculus mineralization take?

A

24-72 hours

63
Q

How long does it take for complete calculus maturation?

A

12 days

64
Q

How can supragingival calculus be detected?

A

direct vision & compressed air

65
Q

How can subgingival calculus be detected?

A

explorer
compressed air
probe
radiographs

66
Q

What are some ways of calculus prevention?

A

o Biofilm removal
o Oral self-care education
o Regular professional cleanings

67
Q

What may contain Pyrophosphate salts, Zinc citrate/zinc salts, Triclosan, and Sodium hexametaphosphate?

A

Anticalculus dentifrice

68
Q

An oral condition characterized by noticeable malodorous smell that is emitted during breathing or speaking

A

Oral malodor

69
Q

What are some causative factors for oral malodor?

A

 Oral conditions
 Systemic factors
 Certain foods

70
Q

o Used to assess the presence of biofilm on the teeth
o Utilized for education for adults or children
o Apply disclosing agent liquid or chewable tablets
o Examine all tooth surfaces and record on chart

A

Biofilm control records

71
Q

staining on external surface of the tooth and may be removed

A

extrinsic

72
Q

within the body of the tooth, cannot be removed

A

Intrinsic

73
Q

How is stain removed?

A

 Polishing with abrasive agent
 Scaler

74
Q

originate from sources outside the tooth
- may be extrinsic or intrinsic

A

exogenous

75
Q

originates within the body of the tooth
- always intrinsic

A

endogenous

76
Q

smoker of 40 years, stain is embedded in body of tooth and on outside surface

A

extrinsic exogenous stain

77
Q

 What type of stain is Tetracycline stain from mother?
 Fluorosis

A

Endogenous stain

78
Q

 Most frequent on lingual surfaces
 May incorporate into calculus
 Varies from oral hygiene and amount of smoking

A

Brown stains – tobacco

79
Q

 Brown pellicle
 Stannous fluoride
 Tea, coffee, & colas
 Chlorhexidine
 Betel nut

A

Other brown stains

80
Q

Explain the following for green stain:
Composition
Distribution
Occurence
Why don’t we scale?

A
  • Composition: chromogenic bacteria, fungi, and gingival hemorrhage
  • Distribution: anterior facials, cervical 1/3
  • Occurrence: primarily children
  • Enamel may be demineralized under the stain, do not scale
81
Q

Explain the following for black line stain:
Microorganisms
Distribution
Occurence

A
  • Microorganisms: gram + rods in an intermicrobial substance
  • Distribution: Lingual & proximals of Max. posterior teeth
  • All ages, more common in females
82
Q

What stain is associated with plaque?

A

Yellow stain

83
Q

Explain the following for orange/red stains:
Location
Distribution
Etiology

A
  • Location: cervical third
  • Distribution: Anteriors facial & lingual
  • Etiology: chromogenic bacteria
84
Q

 Drugs
 Iron: black or brown
 Manganese: black
 Distribution: generalized
 Tablet or capsules best or drink through straw

A

Metallic stain

85
Q

What are the materials and colors for industry metallic stain?

A
  • Copper or brass: green/blue
  • Iron: brown
  • Nickel: green
  • Calcium: yellow or golden brown
86
Q

What are all the extrinsic stains?

A

Brown stain
Green stain
Black line stain
Yellow stain
Orange/red stain
Metallic stain (industry)

87
Q

 Antibiotic
 Absorbed by bones and teeth
 May cause staining if taken during tooth development or during third trimester of pregnancy

A

Tetracycline

88
Q

 Generalized intrinsic staining post-eruption
 Blue-gray stain of permanent teeth
 Antibiotic commonly prescribed for acne

A

Minocycline

89
Q

 Hemorrhage of the pulp chamber, root canal therapy (endodontics), necrosis, and decomposition of the pulp
 Brown, gray, black, reddish brown

A

Pulpless teeth

90
Q
  • Amleoblastic disturbance
  • White spots may be localized affecting a single tooth or generalized
A

Enamel hypoplasia

91
Q

 Brown stain “mottled enamel” – multiple colors
 Ingestion of excessive fluoride
 Toxic damage to the ameloblasts

A

Fluorosis

92
Q

What extrinsic stains can become intrinsic?

A

o Tabacco
o Silver amalgam
o Stannous fluoride applied topically
o Endodontic therapy materials

93
Q

List the noncarious dental lesions.

A

o Abfraction
o Abrasion
o Attrition
o Decalcification
o Erosion
o Hypoplasia

94
Q

What are some characteristics about caries?

A

o Biofilm medicated
o Diet modulated
o Multifractional: require a tooth, environment, host
o Noncommunicable

95
Q

The process of losing minerals from tooth enamel, and it’s an early sign of tooth decay, or caries

A

Demineralization

96
Q

A treatment for early caries lesions that involves restoring minerals to tooth structure to reverse or stop the progression of the lesion

A

Remineralization

97
Q

Loss of tooth structure where tooth and gums come together

A

Abfraction

98
Q

Loss of tooth structure by mechanical means

A

Abrasion

99
Q

A dental condition that occurs when tooth enamel lacks enough calcium
-Chalky looking spots

A

Hypocalcification

100
Q

What are the factors in dental caries process?

A

o Microorganisms
o Cariogenic diet
o Salivary factors
o Tooth resistance

101
Q

What are the risk factors for caries?

A

 Moderate or high cariogenic bacterial counts
 Visible biofilm
 Greater than 3 between-meal snacks
 Inadequate saliva flow

102
Q

What are the risk indicators for caries?

A

 Socioeconomic and epidemiological factors
 Education level
 Special needs

103
Q

What microorganisms are associated with the caries process?

A

 Streptococcus mutans & Streptococcus sobrinus
 Lactobacillus
 Actinomyces
 Bifidobacteria

104
Q

What microorganism is associated with childhood caries?

A

Bifidobacteria

105
Q

What are the acid forming microorganisms that are transmitted from person-to-person?

A

Formic acid
lactic acid
propionic acid
acetic acid

106
Q

What is Vertical transmission?

A

Bacteria from person to baby

107
Q

o Amount of plaque/biofilm
o Predominant microflora
o Rate of saliva flow
o Substrate characteristics/fermentable carbohydrates
o Location of plaque

A

Important features of acid production

108
Q

o Frequency of intake
o Form of simple sugars – retentive or liquid
o Time of ingestion
o Total intake

A

Cariogenic factors

109
Q

85% mineral, 15% lipids, protein and water

A

Mature enamel

110
Q

crystalline mineral component of the teeth

A

Hydroxyapatite

111
Q

fluoride ions replace hydroxyl ions making the apatite less soluble

A

Fluorapatite

112
Q

The loss of calcium and phosphate from the enamel surfaces of teeth

A

Demineralization

113
Q

The natural repair process where calcium and phosphate ions use fluoride as a catalyst to rebuild the crystalline structure histologically in the subsurface lesion

A

Remineralization

114
Q

white spot lesion

A

Subsurface lesion

115
Q

What is the first clinically evident sign of a cavity?

A

Subsurface lesion

116
Q

What step is this in demineralization?
- Organic acids dissolve the enamel crystals into calcium & phosphate ions

A

1st step

117
Q

What step is this in demineralization?
- Diffusion channels between enamel rods render enamel porous. Small molecules and ions such as calcium, phosphate, Fl, & and acids freely flow into and out of the tooth

A

2nd step

118
Q

What step is this in demineralization?
- Bathing the tooth in acid starts the process of demineralization

A

3rd step

119
Q

Small molecules and ions enter the tooth moving from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

Passive diffusion

120
Q

What are the roles of saliva in the caries process?

A

o Lubricates the tissues of the mouth
o Aids in the clearance of food
o Buffers acid
o Initiates carbohydrate digestion
o Possesses antibacterial properties
o Serves as a reservoir for calcium, phosphate and fluoride

121
Q

o The replacement of minerals back into the tooth
o Saliva is a buffer = neutralizes acid
o Provides calcium and phosphate ions
o Salivary flow increases the speed of oral clearance

A

Remineralization process

122
Q

o The symbol of hydrogen ion concentration of an aqueous solution
o Number used to indicate the acidity of a solution
o Ranges from 1-14

A

pH scale

123
Q

What number is pure acid on the pH scale?

A

0

124
Q

What number is neutral on the pH scale?

A

7.0

125
Q

What number is pure base on the pH scale?

A

14

126
Q

How long can the acidic environment last up to in the caries process?

A

20 minutes

127
Q

What makes acid?

A

Fermentable carbohydrates
Bacteria + sugar

128
Q

What critical pH level does demineralization of enamel occur?

A

5.5

129
Q

When the explorer can penetrate into tooth

A

Cavitated lesion

130
Q

What ways are used to detect caries?

A

Visual
Tactile
Radiographic

131
Q

What technology is used for identification of dental caries?

A
  • Visual assessment (loupes/intraoral camera)
  • Computer and laser technology
132
Q

What cavity involves one tooth surface?

A

Simple cavity

133
Q

What cavity involves two tooth surfaces?

A

Compound cavity

134
Q

What cavity involves more than two tooth surfaces?

A

Complex cavity

135
Q

initial/early lesion

A

Primary lesion
(Incipient caries)

136
Q

caries beings in a fault in the enamel

A

Pit & fissures

137
Q

surface where there is no pit

A

Smooth surface

138
Q

rapidly progressive decay process that affects smooth surfaces of several teeth

A

Rampant caries (nursing bottle syndrome)

139
Q

slowly progressive decay process

A

Chronic caries

140
Q

lesion that has been reversed due to remineralization

A

Arrested caries

141
Q

new decay located around existing restorations

A

Recurrent or secondary caries

142
Q

What are causes of tooth fractures?

A

o Accident
o Blow to face
o Contact sport
o Falls

143
Q

Dislocation of tooth

A

luxation

144
Q

Normal mobility sensitivity to percussion or touch

A

Concussion

145
Q

Complete displacement of tooth

A

Avulsion

146
Q

blunt end of instrument used to test sensitivity of pulp

A

percussion test

147
Q

exaggerated response to pain

A

pulpitis

Clinical Lecture (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions