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Clinical Lecture > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Has the ability to cause disease

A

pathogenic

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2
Q

Does NOT have the ability to cause disease

A

nonpathogenic

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3
Q

List infectious microorganisms

A

Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoa

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4
Q

mother to baby immunity

A

passive immunity

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5
Q

had the disease or vaccination

A

active immunity

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6
Q

prompt cells to make a protein recognized by the immune system as an antigen

A

Messenger RNA vaccines

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7
Q

provide immunity by stimulating the body to produce antibodies to the infectious agent

A

vaccines

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8
Q

in utero, the oral cavity is sterile

A

origin

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9
Q

the oral mucous membranes provide some protection

A

infection potential

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10
Q

Person to person, Person to inanimate object and then to another person

A

cross-contamination

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11
Q

The minimum standard of care to protect dental healthcare providers (DHCPs) and prevent transmission between themselves and the patients

A

standard precautions

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12
Q

Precautions used in addition to standard precautions (droplets, contact, airborne, sharps)

A

Transmission Based Precautions

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13
Q

List the chain of events required for disease transmission

A
  • infectious agent
  • reservoir
  • port of exit
  • mode of transmission
  • port of entry
  • susceptible host
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14
Q

What are some airborne transmissions?

A

aerosol, droplets, spatter

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15
Q

Products that keep us safe

A

engineering controls

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16
Q

slime with water

A

biofilm

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17
Q

What is PPE?

A

personal protective equipment

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18
Q

amount of time before symptoms become present

A

incubation period

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19
Q

disease that affects the liver

A

hepatitis

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20
Q

What can lead to liver failure?

A

acute hepatitis

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21
Q

sudden onset

A

acute

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22
Q

long term, over time

A

chronic

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23
Q

What can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer?

A

chronic hepatitis

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24
Q

remains infected on inanimate objects for up to 7 days

A

hepatitis B

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25
Q

percutaneous, sexual contact, perinatal, shared injection, contamination, tattooing

A

hepatitis C

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26
Q

Only coinfected with hepatitis B

A

hepatitis D

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27
Q

fecal-oral ingestion (contaminated food or water)

A

Hepatitis A and E

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28
Q

Does HAV have a vaccine?

A

Yes

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29
Q

Does HBV have a vaccines?

A

Yes

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30
Q

Does HCV have a vaccine?

A

No

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31
Q

Does HDV have a vaccine?

A

HBV vaccine

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32
Q

Does HEV have a vaccine?

A

Yes - China

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33
Q

What are caused from acidic foods, stress, biting, etc?

A

intraoral mouth ulcers

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34
Q

Round, red boarder, white center, painful
- cause unknown
- laser treatment

A

Aphthous ulcers

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35
Q

the cause of

A

etiology

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36
Q

What occurs in the trigeminal nerve?

A

latent infections

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37
Q

Ooze, bleed, blisters

A

herpes simplex 1

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38
Q

genital herpes

A

herpes simplex 2

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39
Q

Known as varicella-zoster virus
(chicken pox)

A

herpes simplex 3

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40
Q

Epstein-Barr virus
- Primary infection causes infectious mononucleosis

A

Human herpes virus 4

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41
Q

Cytomegalovirus
- Transmitted by direct contact with:
* Infected body fluids
* Sexual contact
* Solid organ and bone
marrow transplants
* Blood transfusions

A

human herpes virus 5

42
Q

Roseola infantum

A

HHV-6B

43
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma
 Sexually transmitted
 AIDS defining lesion

A

HHV-8

44
Q

What cause common warts?

A

HPV

45
Q

 Most commonly sexually transmitted, asymptomatic and clearly by immune system
 Van persists and are oncogenic (ability to cause cancer)

A

HPV

46
Q

Attacks T-cells, weakens immune system

A

Transmission
 Parenteral: sharing needles
 Sexual

47
Q

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

A

STAPH

48
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational safety and health administration

49
Q

EPA

A

Environmental protection agency
* Regulates disposal of medical waste
* Safety of disinfectants

50
Q

CDC

A

Centers for disease control and prevention
* 1986 – first set of recommendations for dentistry addressing infection control

51
Q

ADS

A

Association for dental safety
* Not-for-profit organization directed to inform educate and update on infection control practices and issues for dentistry

52
Q

ADA

A

American dental association
* 1996 – infection control recommendations through its councils on scientific affairs and dental practice

53
Q

ADHA

A

American dental hygienists’ association
* Infection control recommendations concur with CDC & ADS

54
Q

o Hepatitis B
o MMR (measles, mumps, rubella)
o Varicella-zoster
o Influenza
o Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis
o Meningococcal

A

Recommended immunizations for dental team

55
Q

o Length of time-worn
o Complexity of procedure
o Packaging/sterile
o Storage
o Hazards (fingernails, rings)

A

Factors affecting glove integrity

56
Q

ASTM

A

American screening and testing of material

57
Q

immediate allergic reaction

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity

58
Q

delayed allergic reaction

A

Type 4 hypersensitivity

59
Q

life threatening allergic reaction

A

Anaphylaxis

60
Q

 Sterilization
 Splitting up clinic to keep people separated
 Not going to work when sick
 Using the right PPE

A

work practice controls

61
Q

Capping a needle safely to prevent harm

A

engineering control

62
Q

to reduce number of pathogenic microorganisms so that they pose no threat of disease

A

Disinfect

63
Q

applied to living tissue

A

antiseptic

64
Q

the process of killing all microorganisms in a material or on an object

A

Sterilization

65
Q

What sterilization method do we use?

A

autoclave

66
Q

15-30 minutes, 250 degrees F, 15 psi

A

autoclave

67
Q

 dry heat
 chemical vapor
 immediate-use steam (flash)
 chemical (cold) sterilization
 steam under pressure (autoclave)

A

approved FDA methods of sterilization

68
Q

hot air

A

static air

69
Q

circulating air around us

A

forced air

70
Q

Oxidation of molecules that kill organisms

A

dry heat

71
Q

 Useful for materials that cannot be subjected to steam under pressure
 Suited for sharps
 No corrosion like steam under pressure

A

advantages of dry heat

72
Q

 Long exposure time
 High temperature

A

disadvantages of dry heat

73
Q

Alcohols, formaldehyde, water, and acetone heated under pressure kill organisms

A

Chemical vapor sterilization

74
Q

 Doesn’t corrode carbon steel instruments
 Short cycle
 Ease of operation

A

advantages of Chemical vapor sterilization

75
Q

 Ventilation is needed
 Slight odor
 Expense of chemicals for operation

A

disadvantages of Chemical vapor sterilization

76
Q

o Rapid steam heat sterilization
o Used to sterilize unwrapped instruments for immediate use

A

Immediate-use steam sterilization (flash sterilization)

77
Q

What are the three types of test for sterilization?

A
  • external
  • internal
  • biologic monitors
78
Q

What is used for spore testing?

A

biological monitoring

79
Q

What test is done for Geobacillus stearothermophilus?

A

steam autoclave

80
Q

What testing is done for Bacillus atrophaeus?

A

dry heat

81
Q

What test is done for Geobacillus stearothermophilus?

A

chemical vapor

82
Q

o Strip
o Blue moving indicator line
o Put inside middle of cassettes

A

class 5 integrators

83
Q

o “Cold sterile”
o Impossible to verify sterility

A

chemical liquid sterilization

84
Q

How are sterile instruments stored?

A
  • in sealed wrapper/container
  • somewhere clean and dry
85
Q

What reduces surface contamination to reduce cross-contamination?

A

chemical disinfectants

86
Q

What are some types of chemical disinfectants?

A
  • surface disinfectant
  • immersion disinfectant
  • hand rub with antimicrobial agent
87
Q

What is sterile water used for?

A

surgical purposes

88
Q

What is SDS?

A

safety data sheet

89
Q

inactive spores and all forms of bacteria, fungi, and viruses

A

high level chemical disinfectant

90
Q

all forms of microorganisms but not spores

A

intermediate level chemical disinfectant

91
Q

inactivates vegetative bacteria, and certain lipid-type viruses but does not destroy spores, tubercle bacilli, or non-lipid viruses

A

low level chemical disinfectant

92
Q

What are the classifications of inanimate objects?

A
  • critical
  • semi-critical
  • noncritical
  • environmental
93
Q

pre-clean, spray &wipes
- reduces microorganisms

A

surface disinfectant

94
Q

What are blood and saliva considered?

A

Bioburden

95
Q

what kills many pathogenic microorganisms?

A

disinfecting

96
Q

what prevents contamination of surfaces

A

barrier and surface covers

97
Q

o Protects hard to clean surfaces
o Reduces contact time for disinfectants
o Chemical free, efficient, and safe

A

benefits of barriers and surface covers

98
Q

what is a disadvantage of barrier and surface covers

A

cost

99
Q

how long should a water line be ran at the beginning and end of the day

A

2 minutes

100
Q

how long should the water line be ran between patients?

A

30 seconds

Clinical Lecture (5 decks)

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