Exam 3

Question 1

Which category of phenolic compounds is resveratrol considered?

a.) phenolic acid
b.) flavonoids
c.) stilbenes
d.) tannins

Answer 1

c.) stilbenes

Question 1

Which monomer would alkaloids NOT be derived from?

a.) leucine
b.) methionine
c.) serine

Answer 1

b.) methionine

Question 2

Out of the following categories of phytochemicals, which is the least likely to contain an ergogenic aid ingredient?

a.) nitrogen-containing compounds
b.) alkaloids
c.) carotenoids
d.) phenolics

Answer 2

a.) nitrogen-containing compounds

Question 3

True or False: each phytochemical influences human physiology through on mechanism of action. Phytochemical don’t influence human physiology through multiple mechanisms.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Which of the following groups of phytochemicals primarily are derived from vegetables such as garlic, onions, shallots and scallions?

a.) flavonoids
b.) organosulfur compounds
c.) carotenoids
d.) phenolic acids

Answer 4

b.) organosulfur compounds

Question 5

A new sport supplement company is looking for new potential ingredients for their supplements. Which category of phytochemicals currently has the most compounds that have research supporting their benefit for muscle growth?

a.) monoterpenoids
b.) curcuminoids
c.) triterpenoids
d.) phenolic acids

Answer 5

c.) triterpenoids

Question 6

Which of the following phytochemicals was thought to ameliorate the negative health side effects of a high-fat diet, and was thought to be the reason for red wine’s health benefits?

a.) quercetin
b.) curcumin
c.) lycopene
d.) resveratrol

Answer 6

d.) resveratrol

Question 7

A supplement company has found a phytochemical that seems to have the properties of a stimulant, and was originally derived from an amino acid. The phytochemical stimulates the release of epinephrine and causes a drastic increase in resting metabolic rate. Which phytochemical group does this phytochemical most likely belong to?

a.) phenolics
b.) alkaloids
c.) nitrogen-containing compounds
d.) carotenoids

Answer 7

b.) alkaloids

Question 8

A supplement company has found a phytochemical that seems to decrease inflammation and improve recovery time. They say it is only found in a fruiting plant from the Amazon. The chemical structure has two aromatic hydrocarbon rings and resembles quercetin. Which phytochemical group does this phytochemical most likely belong to?

a.) nitrogen-containing compounds
b.) alkaloids
c.) phenolic compounds
d.) organosulfur compounds

Answer 8

c.) phenolic compounds

Question 9

Researchers have isolated a phytochemical that has a lot of similarities with a fatty acid, and is often stored as fat. Structurally, it is a long chain of carbons with hydrogens attached, and appears to be 8 isoprene units. Which phytochemical group does this phytochemical most likely belong to?

a.) sesterterpenoids
b.) carotenoids
c.) alkaloids
d.) triterpenoids

Answer 9

b.) carotenoids

Question 10

____________ is a phytochemical that has been shown to directly influence DNA and has been found to reduce creatine kinase serum levels and perceived feeling of muscle soreness.

a.) quercetin
b.) curcumin
c.) lycopene
d.) resveratrol

Answer 10

b.) curcumin

Question 11

______________ is a terpenoid that is used in smelling salt blends, which are not significantly effective, but are legal by NCAA and WADA.

a.) monoterpenoids
b.) sesquiterpenoids
c.) triterpenoids
d.) carotenoids

Answer 11

a.) monoterpenoids

Question 12

___________ are also referred to as carotenoids.

a.) monoterpenoids
b.) sesquiterpenoids
c.) triterpenoids
d.) tetrapenoids

Answer 12

d.) tetrapenoids

Question 13

Which monomer are most alkaloids derived?

a.) amino acids
b.) glucose
c.) ethylene

Answer 13

a.) amino acids

Question 14

True or False: Altered enzymes physiologic effect would show the fastest result of all the phytochemical mechanisms of impact.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

A new sport supplement company is looking for new potential ingredients for their supplements. Which category of phytochemicals would have the most variety of phytochemicals to investigate?

a.) flavonoids
b.) organosulfur compounds
c.) carotenoids
d.) phenolic acids

Answer 15

a.) flavonoids

Question 16

What mechanism of creating a negative energy balance is most advertised by weight loss supplements?

a.) increased BMR
b.) increased skeletal muscle activity
c.) increased brown fat activation
d.) increased lipolysis

Answer 16

a.) increased BMR

Question 17

A weight loss supplement has been flagged by the FDA. The FDA has sent a warning letter informing them that the supplement includes an adulterated ingredient. Based off the data between 2007-2016, which ingredient is most likely to be the adulterated ingredient?

a.) ephedrine
b.) sibutramine
c.) fluoxetine
d.) phenolphthalein

Answer 17

b.) sibutramine

Question 18

Fucoxanthin is a potentially effective weight-loss ingrdient. Which phytochemical group is it categorized as?

a.) sesterterpenoids
b.) carotenoids
c.) alkaloids
d.) triterpenoids

Answer 18

b.) carotenoids

Question 19

An athlete you’re training recently started taking a weight loss supplement. Over the past 6 weeks, they have been losing weight, although they’ve mentioned they feel depressed and have weird mood changes. If these psychologic changes were due to the supplement, which ingredient might be the cause?

a.) Fucoxanthin
b.) Rimonabant
c.) Caralluma Fimbriata Extract
d.) Hoodia Gordonii

Answer 19

b.) Rimonabant

Question 20

A new weight loss supplement has been introduced on the market. The supplement claims to reduce the amount of carbs that are absorbed in the digestive tract. Which ingredient is most likely included in this supplement to try to support those claims?

a.) Orlistat
b.) Phase 2
c.) chitosan
d.) green tea extract

Answer 20

b.) Phase 2

Question 21

Out of the following ingredients, which could potentially provide a significant amount of weight loss, but a minimal risk of side effects?

a.) Fucoxanthin
b.) Rimonabant
c.) Caralluma Fimbriata Extract
d.) Hoodia Gordonii

Answer 21

a.) Fucoxanthin

Question 22

A new weight loss supplement has been introduced on the market. The main two ingredients of the supplement are cayenne pepper extract and caffeine. What mechanism of action will this weight-loss supplement most likely claim occurs with this product?

a.) increased BMR
b.) increased skeletal muscle activity
c.) increased brown fat activation
d.) increased white fat activation

Answer 22

a.) increased BMR

Question 23

You’re working in a supplement analysis laboratory at the NSF. The most recent supplement you analyzed had extremely high levels of phytochemical 6-paradol. What extract does this supplement most likely contain?

a.) cayenne pepper extract
b.) grains of paradise seed
c.) green coffee bean extract
d.) raspberry ketones

Answer 23

b.) grains of paradise seed

Question 24

An athlete you’re training recently started taking a weight loss supplement. They’ve lost a significant amount of weight since they started taking the supplement, but complain of being thirsty and urinating frequently. Which ingredient is most likely included in this supplement?

a.) cayenne pepper extract
b.) ephedra
c.) sibutramine
d.) bumetanide

Answer 24

d.) bumetanide

Question 25

An athlete you’re training has started taking a weight-loss supplement. They’ve told you they’re losing weight and feel more focused with more energy. They tell you the main ingredient is geranium oil extract. What does this supplement most likely contain?

a.) methylhaxanamine (DMAA)
b.) ephedra
c.) sibutramine
d.) bumetanide

Answer 25

a.) methylhaxanamine (DMAA)

Question 26

True or False: out of a group of sertoids, the one with no OH is designed for injection and not oral consumption.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

True or False: anabolic steroids increase the risk of heart attack, stroke and certain forms of cancer.

Answer 27

TrueWh

Question 28

Which of the following would not be a result of taking an anabolic steroid?

a.) increase in mTor
b.) increase in IGF-1
c.) decreasing protein degradation
d.) increase in myostatin

Answer 28

d.) increase in myostatin

Question 29

Anabolic steroids are considered a…

a.) Schedule 1 drug
b.) Schedule 2 drug
c.) Schedule 3 drug
d.) Schedule 4 drug

Answer 29

c.) Schedule 3 drug

Question 30

Which of the following anabolic steroids has never been clinically tested on humans?

a.) trenbolone
b.) metandienone
c.) oxymetholone

Answer 30

a.) trenbolone

Question 31

True or False: a supplement company releases a new product. The FDA tested it and found it contained ostarine. Since this is a SARM, it would be considered banned by WADA, but it is a legal supplement ingredient.

Answer 31

False; considered an investigational new drug

Question 32

True or False: there are currently several SARMs that are available as prescription drugs.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

Which of the following SARM has a cholesterol-based structure?

a.) ostarine
b.) LGD-4033
c.) S-40503
d.) none of the above

Answer 33

d.) none of the above

Question 34

True or False: when an athlete sees increases in strength while taking an anabolic steroid, those increases are only because of the hypertrophy associated with the anabolic steroid.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

What year were SARMs banned by WADA?

a.) 1994
b.) 2004
c.) 2008
d.) 2016

Answer 35

c.) 2008

Question 36

Which of the following are derived from amino acids?

a.) carotenoids
b.) polyphenols
c.) phenolic acids
d.) alkaloids

Answer 36

d.) alkaloids (the rest are derived from carbs)