Exam 2

Question 1

When was the Food and Drug Act passed?

a.) 1906
b.) 1976
c.) 1994
d.) 2004

Answer 1

a.) 1906

Question 2

_____________ was the founder of BALCO, who created the steroid “The Clear.”

a.) Patrick Arnold
b.) Victor Conte
c.) Dan Duchaine
d.) Linus Pauling

Answer 2

b.) Victor Conte

Question 3

___________ was the organic chemist who created “The Clear”, among other undetectable steroids and prohormones.

a.) Patrick Arnold
b.) Victor Conte
c.) Dan Duchaine
d.) Linus Pauling

Answer 3

a.) Patrick Arnold

Question 4

True or False: blood doping was illegal in 1984 when the US Olympic cycling team was caught in the blood doping scandal.

Answer 4

False; banned later by IOC in 1985

Question 5

___________ was responsible for quadrupling the sales of Vitamin C in the 1970s due to releasing “Vitamin C and the Common Cold” - despite limited research on its effectiveness.

a.) Patrick Arnold
b.) Victor Conte
c.) Dan Duchaine
d.) Linus Pauling

Answer 5

d.) Linus Pauling

Question 6

Anabolic steroids were banned by the IOC in _______ and tested for in ______, which resulted in 11 athletes testing positive.

a.) 1967; 1968
b.) 1972; 1973
c.) 1975; 1976
d.) 1994; 1995

Answer 6

c.) 1975; 1976

Question 7

The IOC first drug tested at the Olympics in 1968 for the purpose of banning…

a.) stimulants and alcohol
b.) anabolic steroids
c.) blood doping
d.) recreational drugs

Answer 7

a.) stimulants and alcohol

Question 8

____________ was an ergogenic aid used in 1904 Olympic Marathon, which almost resulted in the death of Thomas Hicks.

a.) cocaine
b.) strychnine
c.) erthropoietin
d.) ephedra

Answer 8

b.) strychnine

Question 9

____________ was released in 2004 and considered the first modern pre-workout.

a.) NO-Xplode
b.) Metabolife
c.) MET-Rx
d.) Ultimate Orange

Answer 9

a.) NO-Xplode

Question 10

___________ was the first pre-workout, released in 1982 with the secret ingredient of ephedrine.

a.) NO-Xplode
b.) Metabolife
c.) MET-Rx
d.) Ultimate Orange

Answer 10

d.) Ultimate Orange

Question 11

When was the first commercially available creatine supplement (Phosphagen) released?

a.) 1971
b.) 1982
c.) 1993
d.) 2004

Answer 11

c.) 1993

Question 12

Dianabol was created in ________ and originally given to US weightlifters.

a.) 1958
b.) 1967
c.) 1968
d.) 1972

Answer 12

a.) 1958

Question 13

In _______, anabolic steroids were put on the Controlled Substances Act as a Class 3 Drug.

a.) 1967
b.) 1978
c.) 1990
d.) 1994

Answer 13

c.) 1990

Question 14

The DSHEA was passed in Congress in _____, which meant no more pre-market testing and the FDA considers supplements safe until proven otherwise.

a.) 1967
b.) 1978
c.) 1990
d.) 1994

Answer 14

d.) 1994

Question 15

True or False: ephedra is the only specific ingredient banned by the FDA in supplements (2004).

Answer 15

True

Question 16

___________ describe a benefit related to a classical nutrient deficiency or describe an ingredient intended to affect the structure or function in humans, or describe general wellbeing from consumption of a nutrient or dietary supplement.

a.) health claim
b.) nutrition content claim
c.) structure/function claim
d.) qualified health claim

Answer 16

c.) structure/function claim

Question 17

True or False: “Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals, which in turn, reduce the incidence of cellular degeneration” is a structure/function claim that would be allowed by the FDA.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

True or False: “Diets rich in whole grains may reduce the risk of heart disease” is a structure/function claim that would be allowed by the FDA.

Answer 18

False; health claim

Question 19

True or False: alcohol and beta blockers are banned substances for rifle athletes and archers.

Question 20

According to WADA, AAS, clenbuterol, tibolone, and zeranol are what type of banned substance?

a.) anabolic agents
b.) hormones and related substances
c.) Beta-2 agonists
d.) stimulants
e.) diuretics and other masking agents

Answer 20

a.) anabolic agents

Question 21

According to WADA, EPO, human growth-hormone, insulin-like growth factors, mechano-growth factors, and gonadotropins are what type of banned substance?

a.) anabolic agents
b.) hormones and related substances
c.) Beta-2 agonists
d.) stimulants
e.) diuretics and other masking agents

Answer 21

b.) hormones and related substances

Question 22

According to WADA, aromatase inhibitors, serms, and agents with anti-estrogenic activity are what type of banned substance?

a.) anabolic agents
b.) hormones and related substances
c.) Beta-2 agonists
d.) stimulants
e.) diuretics and other masking agents

Answer 22

c.) Beta-2 agonists

Question 23

True or False: stimulants like caffeine and nicotine are banned substances in-competition only.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

__________ is an administrative route that gets absorbed into the bloodstream at 100% bioavailability.

a.) absorption through capillaries
b.) intravenous administration
c.) oral administration

Answer 24

b.) intravenous administration

Question 25

True or False: the half-life of 300mg of caffeine is between 4-8 hours.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

True or False: exercise typically speeds up metabolism and elimination acutely.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

A ___________ dose-response indicates that there will be no effect until a person has taken a specific amount of a drug, which is when it will steadily increase.

a.) linear response
b.) threshold response
c.) sigmold curve
d.) saturation (plateau) response

Answer 27

b.) threshold response

Question 28

True or False: the margin of safety is determined by the difference between the amount of drug necessary to cause a therapeutic or intended effect, and the toxic unintended effect.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

A _________ drug response occurs when the drug response is more than the combined effect of two drugs together.

a.) additive
b.) synergistic
c.) competitive
d.) antagonistic

Answer 29

b.) synergistic

Question 30

A _________ drug response occurs when the drug response is somewhere in between the effects of two drugs separately.

a.) additive
b.) synergistic
c.) competitive
d.) antagonistic

Answer 30

c.) competitive

Question 31

A _________ drug response occurs when the drug response is less than either of the effects of two drugs separately.

a.) additive
b.) synergistic
c.) competitive
d.) antagonistic

Answer 31

d.) antagonistic

Question 32

True or False: a drug that enters the body orally has first-pass metabolism.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

According to the records of FDA Warning Letters, _____________ have the highest amount of adulterated ingredients, followed by __________________.

a.) sexual enhancement companies; sports supplements and weight loss.
b.) sexual enhancement companies; weight loss and sports supplements
c.) weight loss; sports supplements and sexual enhancement companies
d.) sports supplements; sexual enhancement companies and weight loss

Answer 33

b.) sexual enhancement companies; weight loss and sports supplements

Question 34

True or False: An athlete with Type 2 Diabetes must register their insulin as a therapeutic exemption with WADA.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

___________ is responsible for drug testing most professional sports organizations, besides the MLB, NBA and NFL.

a.) WADA
b.) IOC
c.) Drug Free Sport

Answer 35

a.) WADA

Question 36

Recreational steroids were banned in _______ under the Anti-Drug Abuse Act.

a.) 1972
b.) 1988
c.) 1990
d.) 1994

Answer 36

b.) 1988

Question 37

True or False: A Form 483 letter does not represent the FDA’s final determination regarding compliance.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

________ possesses primary responsibility over dietary supplement advertising (print, infomercials, etc).

a.) FTC
b.) FDA
c.) WADA

Answer 38

a.) FTC

Question 39

_______ possesses primary responsibility over dietary supplement claims in labeling.

a.) FTC
b.) FDA
c.) WADA

Answer 39

b.) FDA

Question 40

Which of the following could occur if a company does not respond to a Form 483 letter within 15 days?

a.) mandatory recall
b.) seizure
c.) arrest
d.) warning letter
e.) all of the above

Answer 40

e.) all of the above

Question 41

True or False: WADA was founded in 1999 during a meeting for IOC, but did not start Olympic Testing until 2004.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

True or False: DSHEA requires the manufacturer or distributor to notify the FDA if they intend to market a supplement that contains a new dietary ingredient.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

True or False: Until 2008, the manufacturer or distributor of a supplement were not required to record, investigate or forward any reports of injuries or illnesses to the FDA that may be related to their product.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

What is the most common infraction for companies that violate the Good Manufacturing Processes?

a.) not establishing product specifications for identity, purity, strength or composition of the supplement
b.) not establishing or following written procedures for quality control operations
c.) not producing batch records

Answer 44

a.) not establishing product specifications for identity, purity, strength or composition of the supplement